Page 11 - Understanding Psychology

The KPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
MMPI Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
ApproachestoReducingTestAnxiety ..........368
Freud’sModel ..............................379
Defense Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Bandura’sSocialCognitiveTheory .............390
Characteristics of Self-Actualized People. . . . . . . . . 393
Cattell’sSixteenSourceTraits .................400
Eysenck’sPersonalityTable ...................401
Theories of Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Types of Conflict Situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. . . . . . . . . . . 417
Some Daily Hassles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
TheFlight-or-FightResponse .................425
Types of Coping Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Irrational Assumptions That Can Cause Stress . . . . 433
Stress:ASummaryModel ....................434
Distribution of Male and Female JobsbyOccupation.......................442
Phases of Selye’s General Adaptation
Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
DSM-IV—Major Psychological Disorders
of Axis I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Phobias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 Suicides ...................................472 Types of Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Effects of Alcohol Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Reported Anxiety Disorders
in the United States, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 Types of Psychotherapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 Kinds of Therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Examples of Irrational Thinking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 Ellis’s ABCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501 Beck’s Maladaptive Thought Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . 501 LosingFears ...............................503 Deinstitutionalization ........................509 Psychologists’Approaches....................513 Schachter’sResults ..........................521 Triangular Theory of Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Rank Ordering of Desired Characteristics
inaMate ...............................543
Table of Contents Charts, Tables, and Graphs
WhyDoWeJoinGroups? ....................547 GroupPolarization ..........................551 Sociograms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Leavitt’s Communication Network System. . . . . . . 554
Figure 8.5 The Human Eye
This cross section of the human eye shows the passage of light. Note that the retina
receives an inverted image.
What is the main function of
the rods and cones?
Eye muscle
Rods
Cones
Optic Nerve
Neuron
LIGHT
Retina
Optic nerve
Lens
Iris
Cornea Muscles
Blind spot
Pupil
Asch’s Experiment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Model of Aggression. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical Distance From “Learner” and Compliance to Orders . . . . . . . . . . .
Attitude Formation Through Classical Conditioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Theory of Planned Behavior. . . . . . .
Balance Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Heuristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Areas of Expertise of Ph.D. Psychologists . . . . . . . . 604 Some Significant Dates in the History
of Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
EmploymentofPh.D.Psychologists ............614
JobSatisfaction .............................619
Average Breakfast Calories and Average Gradesof100SampledStudents ............621
Marital Status of the Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Internet Access and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 DivisionsoftheNervousSystem...............629
. . . . . . . . . . 556 . . . . . . . . . . 565
. . . . . . . . . . 573
. . . . . . . . . . 578 . . . . . . . . . . 581 . . . . . . . . . . 585 . . . . . . . . . . 595
xi