Page 11 - Geosystems An Introduction to Physical Geography 4th Canadian Edition

Preface xviii
Digital and Print Resources xxii
Book and MasteringGeography Walkthrough xxii
GEOSySTEMSnow Canada’s Borders, Not Just Lines on a Map 3
the Science of Geography 5
The Geographic Continuum 7
Geographic Analysis 7
The Scientific Process 7
Human–Earth interactions in the 21st Century 8
Earth Systems Concepts 11
Systems Theory 11
Systems Organization in Geosystems 14 Earth’s Dimensions 19
Location and time on Earth 20 Latitude 20
Longitude 22
Great Circles and Small Circles 23 Meridians and Global Time 23
Maps and Cartography 25 The Scale of Maps 26 Map Projections 26
Modern tools and techniques for Geoscience 30 Global Positioning System 30
Remote Sensing 31
Geographic information Systems 33
GEOSySTEMSconnection 37
KEy LEARninGconcepts review 37
geosystems in action 1 Exploring Earth Systems 16
crItIcAl thInkIng 1.1 What Is Your Footprint? 11
crItIcAl thInkIng 1.2 Latitudinal Geographic Zones and Temperature 21
crItIcAl thInkIng 1.3 Where Are You? 23
crItIcAl thInkIng 1.4 Find and Compare Map Scales 26
crItIcAl thInkIng 1.5 Test Your Knowledge about Satellite Imagery 34
AQuantitativeSOLUTiOn: Map Scales 36 GEOreports: 7 REPORTS
contents
1
Essentials of Geography 2 KEy LEARninGconcepts 2
Part I The Energy–Atmosphere System 40
Solar Energy: From Sun to Earth 45
Solar Activity and Solar Wind 46 Electromagnetic Spectrum of Radiant Energy 47
2 Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons 42
KEy LEARninGconcepts 42
GEOSySTEMSnow Chasing the Subsolar Point 43
the Solar System, Sun, and Earth 44 Solar System Formation 45 Dimensions and Distances 45
crItIcAl thInkIng 2.2 Astronomical Factors Vary over Long Time Frames 54
incoming Energy at the Top of the Atmosphere
the Seasons 51
Seasonality 52
Reasons for Seasons 52
Annual March of the Seasons 55
GEOSySTEMSconnection 60
KEy LEARninGconcepts review 61
geosystems in action 2 Earth–Sun Relations 56
crItIcAl thInkIng 2.1 A Way to Calculate Sunrise and Sunset 52
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