Page 457 - Geosystems An Introduction to Physical Geography 4th Canadian Edition

Chapter 13 Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism 421
Volcanoes are of two general types, based on the chem- istry and gas content of the magma involved. An effusive eruption produces a shield volcano (such as Kı¯lauea in Hawai‘i) and extensive deposits of flood basalts, or pla- teau basalts. Explosive eruptions (such as Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines) produce a composite volcano. Volcanic activity has produced some destructive moments in his- tory, but constantly creates new seafloor, land, and soils.
volcano (p. 411) pyroclastics (p. 411)
aa (p. 411)
pahoehoe (p. 411)
crater (p. 412)
cinder cone (p. 412) caldera (p. 412)
effusive eruption (p. 412) shield volcano (p. 412)
flood basalt (p. 412) explosive eruption (p. 413) composite volcano (p. 413)
20. What is a volcano? In general terms, describe some related features.
21. Where do you expect to find volcanic activity in the world? Why?
22. Distinguish three tectonic settings related to volca- nic activity and landforms in western Canada.
23. Compare effusive and explosive eruptions. Why are
they different? What distinct landforms are pro-
duced by each type? Give examples of each.
24. Describe several recent volcanic eruptions, such as
in Hawai‘i and Iceland. What is the present status in each place? Specifically, what changes are occurring in Hawai‘i?
Looking for additional review and test prep materials? Visit the Study Area in MasteringGeographyTM to enhance your geographic literacy, spatial reasoning skills, and understanding of this chapter’s content by accessing a variety of re- sources, including interactive maps, geoscience animations, satellite loops, author notebooks, videos, RSS feeds, web links, self-study quizzes, and an eText version of Geosystems.
visualanalysis 13 Ageless Mount Etna on the Isle of Sicily
Mount Etna erupts in view of the International Space Station (ISS). Visible is the ash and steam from a vig- orous eruption. Gas emissions are along the north slope (lower left) through a series of vents. Smoke on the lower slope is from wildfires set by lava flows. View is to the southeast across the island of Sicily. Ashfall from this episode reached North Africa.
1. Locate Sicily on the ocean-floor map in the Chapter 12-opening photo (despite the small scale, it is visible), and locate Sicily on the
2.
3.
lithospheric plate map in Fig. 12.19. Characterise the tectonic setting for the location of Mount Etna.
Consult the Mount Etna page at the Global Vol- canism Program web site, www.volcano.si.edu/ volcano.cfm?vn=211060. What is the latest erup- tion status of Mount Etna? What type of volcano is it? What is the elevation of its summit?
What other information do you find on this web site relative to Mount Etna?
ITALY
Rome
Adriatic Sea
Ionian Sea
20°E
40°N
Tyrrhenian Sea
Palermo
Naples
Mt. Etna
Sicily
15°E
[October 30, 2002, ISS photo courtesy of Earth Science and Image Analysis Laboratory, JSC, NASA.]