Page 291 - ESSENTIAL LISTENING TO MUSIC

imitation the process by which one or more musical voices, or parts, enter and duplicate exactly for a period of time the music presented by the previous voice
impresario renowned producer Impressionism late-nineteenth-century
movement that arose in France; the Impressionists were the first to reject photographic realism in painting, instead trying to re-create the impression that an object produces upon the senses in a single, fleeting moment
interval the distance between any two pitches on a musical scale
jazz a lively, energetic music with pulsating rhythms, and scintillating syncopations, usually played by a small instrumental ensemble
Jazz Age a term coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald to characterize the public’s infatuation with American jazz and good times during the 1920s
kettle drums (see timpani)
key a tonal center built on a tonic note and
making use of a scale; also, on a keyboard instrument, one of a series of levers that can be depressed to generate sound
Köchel (K) number the numbering system that arranges Mozart’s compositions in approximate chronological order
leitmotif a brief, distinctive unit of music designed to represent a character, object, or idea; a term applied to the motives in the music dramas of Richard Wagner
libretto the text of an opera
Lied (pl. Lieder) the genre of art song, for voice and piano accompaniment, that originated in Germany around 1800
Lisztomania thesortofmasshysteria,today reserved for pop music stars, that surrounded touring Romantic-era pianist Franz Liszt
London Symphonies a set of twelve compositions Haydn wrote during the years 1791–1795
lyrics Text that accompanies music madrigal a popular genre of secular vocal
music that originated in Italy during the Renaissance, in which usually four or five voices sing love poems
madrigalism a device, originating in the madrigal, by which key words in a text spark a particularly expressive musical setting
minuet and trio a pair of separate
but related dances in triple meter, the trio having a lighter, contrasting texture; in works from the Classical era, the
two dances usually come in the sequence minuet-trio- minuet and together form the third movement of
a four-movement symphony or a string quartet
mode a pattern of pitches forming a scale; the two primary modes in Western music are major and minor
Modernism a movement in the arts between 1900 and 1945 that promoted a bracing, progressive style antithetical to the traditional values of Romanticism
modified strophic form strophic form in which the music is modified briefly to accommodate a particularly expressive word or phrase in the text
modulation the process in music whereby the tonal center changes from one key to another, from G major to C major, for example
monody a general term connoting solo singing accompanied by a basso continuo in the early Baroque period; early Baroque genre in which a few instruments accompanied a solo singer performing a song based on a highly charged, emotional text
monophony a musical texture involving only a single line of music with no accompaniment
motet a composition for choir or larger chorus setting a religious, devotional, or solemn text, often sung a cappella
motive a short, distinctive melodic figure that stands by itself
mouthpiece a detachable portion of a brass instrument into which the player blows
movement a large, independent section of a major instrumental work, such as a sonata, dance suite, symphony, quartet, or concerto
music the rational organization of sounds and silences passing through time
music drama a term used for the mature operas of Richard Wagner
major scale a seven-note scale that ascends in the following order of whole and half steps: 1-1- 1 -1-1-1- 1
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Mass the central religious service of the
Roman Catholic church
measure (bar) a group of beats, or musical pulses; usually the number of beats is fixed and constant so that the measure serves as a continual unit of measurement in music
melismatic singing many notes sung to just one syllable
melodic sequence the repetition of a musical motive at successively higher or lower degrees of the scale
melody a series of notes arranged in order to form a distinctive, recognizable musical unit; it is most often placed in the highest line or voice of the music
mensural notation the earliest form of rhythmic notation, as emerged in France during the thirteenth century; from these notational symbols developed our modern signs indicating duration, such as the quarter note
meter the gathering of beats into regular groups
meter signature (time signature) two numbers, one on top of the other, usually placed at the beginning of the music to tell the performer what note value is carrying the beat and how the beats are to be grouped
mezzo-soprano a female vocal range between the alto and soprano
Minimalism a style of modern music that takes a very small amount of musical material and repeats it over and over to form a composition
minor scale a seven-note scale that ascends in the following order of whole and half steps: 1- 1 -1-1- 1 -1-1
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minuet a moderate dance in triple meter,
though actually danced in patterns of six steps, with no upbeat but with highly symmetrical phrasing
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