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Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry.......................................................................................... 3 Different types of formulae to represent organic molecules ................................................................ 3 Functional Groups ............................................................................................................................... 4 Nomenclature: Naming Organic Compounds ....................................................................................... 4 Isomers ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Structural Isomerism ............................................................................................................................... 5 Chain Isomerism .................................................................................................................................. 5 Position Isomerism .............................................................................................................................. 5 Functional Group Isomerism................................................................................................................6 Stereoisomerism ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Cis-trans Isomerism ............................................................................................................................. 6 Optical Isomerism................................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 2: Organic Reactions: Mechanism............................................................................................... 8 1. Homolytic Fission ......................................................................................................................... 8 2. Heterolytic Fission ....................................................................................................................... 8 Different Types of Organic Reactions ....................................................................................................... 9 1. Addition....................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Substitution ................................................................................................................................. 9 3. Elimination ................................................................................................................................ 10 4. Oxidation ................................................................................................................................... 10 5. Reduction .................................................................................................................................. 10 6. Hydrolysis .................................................................................................................................. 10 Chapter 3: Hydrocarbons ....................................................................................................................... 11 Alkanes.............................................................................................................................................. 11 Alkenes.............................................................................................................................................. 11 Reactions of Alkenes.......................................................................................................................... 12 1. Addition of hydrogen ................................................................................................................. 12 2. Addition of halogens .................................................................................................................. 12 3. Addition of steam ...................................................................................................................... 12 4. Addition of hydrogen halide....................................................................................................... 12 Oxidation of alkene ........................................................................................................................... 13 Polymerization in alkene.................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 4: Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids............................................................................................... 14 Page 1 of 20 Study Guide for Organic Chemistry
