Page 182 - ASOP Orthopedic Casting Manual

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

1. What is the primary cause of rubor (redness) at the site of inflammation?
A) Increased vascular permeability
B) Vasodilation leading to increased blood flow
C) Accumulation of inflammatory mediators
D) Sensitization of nociceptors

2. How does heat at the site of inflammation benefit the body?
A) Promotes vasoconstriction to reduce swelling.
B) Inhibits the function of nociceptors.
C) Creates an unfavorable environment for pathogens.
D) Reduces metabolic activity of immune cells.

3. Tumor (swelling) in inflammation is caused by:
A) Vasodilation alone
B) Activation of nociceptors
C) Increased metabolic rate in the affected tissue
D) Increased vascular permeability and fluid accumulation

4. Pain (dolor) in inflammation is caused by:
A) Compression of tissues by accumulated fluid
B) Sensitization of nociceptors by chemical mediators
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

5. What protective role does pain play in inflammation?
A) Signals the need for rest to prevent further injury.
B) Promotes increased oxygen delivery to tissues.
C) Prevents vasodilation in the affected area.
D) Enhances swelling to limit pathogen spread.

6. Functio laesa (loss of function) in inflammation is primarily caused by:
A) Excess heat in the affected tissue
B) Pain, swelling, and tissue damage
C) Reduced blood flow to the area
D) Increased oxygenation of inflamed tissues

7. What is the main benefit of loss of function in the context of inflammation?
A) Encourages rest and reduces further tissue damage
B) Stimulates vasodilation to improve healing
C) Promotes cellular repair through increased mobility
D) Prevents swelling in adjacent tissues