• The negation of Quantifiers ∀ & ∃ (a) let p: ∀x P(x), then ~p: there must be at least one value of x for which P(x) is false, namely, ~ ∀x P(x) = ∃x ~P(x) (b) let p: ∃x P(x), then ~p: for all x, P(x) is false, namely, ~ ∃x P(x)= ∀x ~P(x)