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ﺗﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﻮﻉ ،ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ
ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺳﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺯﺭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ
ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺩﻣﺠﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺠﻮﺍ ﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺘﻴﻦ
ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻂ.
ﺱ :ﻋﺮﻑ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻂ 2016) .ﺩ 3ﺥ(
ﺝ :ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺳﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺯﺭﻋﻲ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺩﻣﺠﻬﻤﺎ.
ﺱ :ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺳﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺯﺭﻋﻲ؟ ) 2017ﺩ 1ﺥ(
ﺝ :ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻂ ﺃﻭ )ﺍﻹﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻨﻲ ( .
ﺱ :ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺳﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺯﺭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ؟
ﺝ :ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺩﻣﺠﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻧﻮﻉ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻂ .
ﻋﻠﻞ :ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺳﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﺮﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺯﺭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﺎﹰ
ﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺩﻣﺠﻬﻤﺎ؟ )ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ( )2023ﺩ(1
ﺱ :ﺍﺷﺮﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﻳﺎ 2006) .ﺩ(2
ﺱ :ﺍﺷﺮﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ .ﺃﻭ ﺱ :ﺍﺷﺮﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ 2006) .ﺩ(2
) ﻟﻺﻃﻼﻉ ( 1ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﺘﻴﻦ ،ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺔ
ﻭﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ) (DNAﻓﻲ
ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻮﺑﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻄﻴﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺯﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻫﻼﺏ ) ﺃﻫﻼﺏ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻫﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ( ﻭﻫﻲ
ﺗﺒﺮﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺫﻛﺮﻳﺔ
ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺔ ،ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﺔ ،ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻻ
ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺑﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻼﺏ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ
ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﺜﻮﻳﺔ.
2ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻫﻠﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ
ﺟﺴﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﺑﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺘﻴﻦ
ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺘﻴﻦ .