Page 362 - UAE Truncal States
P. 362

The Formation of the Federation

            Following the devaluation of the pound sterling in autumn 1967,
          withdrawal from east of Suez appeared to be inevitable, yet the
          British Government still intended to meet its treaty obligations vis-a-
          vis the Gulf Stales. In November 1967 a Foreign Office Minister, Mr
          Goronwy Roberts, visited the Shah of Iran and the Rulers in the Gulf,
          assuring them that in the interests of stability in the Gulf region the
          British military presence would be maintained at all its traditional
          bases. But in a speech in the House of Commons the Prime Minister
          announced on 16 January 1968 further drastic expenditure cuts and
          the intention to withdraw completely by the end of 1971. He said:
          “We have also decided to withdraw our forces from the Persian Gulf
          by the same date.”4 In the meantime between 8 and 11 January Mr
          Goronwy Roberts had returned to the Gulf to break this news to his
          incredulous hosts.
            Thus, internal British and Labour Party politics, not the initiation
          of a particular foreign policy, brought about this completely new
          situation in all the Gulf States.

          The technicalities of withdrawal
          Initial despondency over the decision was felt as intensively by the
          British diplomats serving in the area as by the Rulers. The latter had
          just experienced two decades during which the altitude of Britain
          had developed from aloofness and an occasional show of gunboat
          power to a humanitarian interest in these Stales. The Rulers could
          then look forward to enjoying the new wealth from oil under British
          protection and guidance. On the diplomats, many of whom had
          endeavoured for years to understand the Arab way of life, fell the
          unenviable task of explaining what was seen as the British
          Government’s breach of written agreements and the unwritten Arab
          law of trust and friendship. They also had to grapple with the
          technicalities of handing over military, political, legal and ad­
          ministrative. responsibilities; in some States there were as yet no
          appropriate institutions to assume these responsibilities.
            The British Government hoped that in spite of the tight
          withdrawal schedule the transition from British tutelage to complete
          autonomy would be effected smoothly in all the States. It was
          considered by some that localised unrest was probably a bigger risk
          at that time than the risk of upsetting the global balance of power,
          and of the Soviet Union gaining access to the Gulf. A number of
          disputes had to be settled before the British Government could claim
          that the withdrawal would not cause the disruption which was
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