Page 552 - PERSIAN 1 1873_1879 Admin Report1_Neat

30 ADMINISTRATION REPORT OP TIIK PERSIAN GULP POLITICAL

A systematic spoliation is carried on by the ryots both during the
season for sowing and gathering in the harvest, and in no instance has
a farmer been able to check these robberies, or ascertain the exact quanti­
ty of his harvest, notwithstanding the motdsadeo and kadkhodah have
pretty often administered the bastinado.
The value of the produce on the spot may be quoted as under
Wheat at 25 cents per maund.
Barley )> n n f)
Rice „ 50 M } f >9
Cotton ,, 1-50 kran „ 99
Maize „ 10 cents „ 99
Sesame, &c. ,, 70 n
99 99
The value of the forty oxen varies from 30 to 100 krans, thus averag­
ing about 6 tomans per head.
As a rule, the oxen arc brought and maintained by the ryots them­
selves ; but in cases where the ryots are unable to do so the proprietor
provides the cash and reimburses himself after the harvest.
The annual cost for the maintenance of an ox is about 15 krans,
but no cash is laid out for that purpose, as the food is grown on the land
itself, cotton seeds forming the principal and most nourishing part of it
The agricultural instruments principally in use are the following :—
Khish (plough) very rude.
• The groin is wparnUd from the
hu*k by menu* of n innebino with *Borre.
vhnrp circular hoops or wheel*, which Aubsee (pitch-fork for winnowing).
arc drawn on the grain by donkeys, Daus (scythe, sickle or hoe).
At. This is tho bo»r<5 or "cutter.”
Threshing is not in use. Khoorc (sack).
Reel (spade).
Two or three sieves.
Jawal (another sort of sack.)
Ropes.
A supply of at least 50 kxans worth of implements required for
Or "ptfv,” meaning "ox,” the extent each " gdo” is furnished by, and ap-
of laud ploughed with ono ox. pertain to, the ryots.
Two hundred krans may be taken as an approximate estimate of the
annual expenses of a ryot and bis family.
In no case does the value of the furniture of a ryot, consisting of
copper utensils, a couplo of inferior carpets, a few earthen jars, beer or
soda-water bottles, exceed twenty tomans.
A proprietor is often obliged to construct a wall round the village
with a gate and a tower or two. The ryots build their own quarters and
at their own expense.
Every ryot invariably undertakes a small amount of cultivation on
his own private account, which is called khdssee and in which the pro­
prietor has no share whatever.
Cultivation in Kazeroon is undertaken as follows

Shalwee or Autumn Sowing!.
The land in Kazeroon is private property. If the cultivation bo un­
dertaken by the landowner himself he has to provide seed for an area

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