Page 22 - G43 ASSIGNMENT

Hypertension

Ola Abdelhady Mohamed ID:1312

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a medical condition marked by persistent elevation of systemic
arterial blood pressure. Blood pressure is considered elevated if systolic pressure is 130mmHg or more and
diastolic pressure is more than 80mmHg. Values of 140/90mmHg or more should be treated.

Table1

Hypertension Stages:
• Normal: systolic less than 120 mm Hg
and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg
• Elevated: systolic between 120-129
mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm
Hg

• Stage 1: systolic between 130-139 mm Hg or diastolic between 80-89 mm Hg
• Stage2: systolic at least 140 mm Hg or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg [2]

Types of Hypertension:
• Essential hypertension, also known as
primary hypertension, which happens with no
identifiable cause. However, there are certain
factors when combined may cause this type
including genetics, high salt intake, age, and
lifestyle.
Most cases of hypertension belong to this
type.
• Secondary hypertension, in which there is
an identifiable cause.
Nearly 5 to 10 percent of hypertension cases
are secondary. The causes are grouped into four categories:
-Renal causes: Kidney diseases and reno-vascular diseases like renal artery stenosis.
-Endocrine causes: Include Cushing syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and
hyperparathyroidism.
-Vascular: Coarctation of the aorta.
-Other: Drug-induced hypertension, and pregnancy. [3]
• Other subtypes fit either with primary or secondary hypertension include :

-Resistant hypertension: high blood pressure hard to control even on multiple medications.

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