Page 5 - G43 ASSIGNMENT

• Vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles within the glomerulus of the kidney, resulting in the
maintenance of glomerular filtration rate
• Increased sodium reabsorption within the kidney tubules - the increased sodium reabsorption from the
kidney tubules results in passive reabsorption of water through osmosis; this causes an increase in blood
volume and arterial pressure
• The release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release from the posterior pituitary gland
• The release of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex within the adrenal gland
o Aldosterone functions to increase the arterial pressure through the upregulation of Na+/K+ pumps of
the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct within the nephron
o This activity is the distal convoluted tubule leads to increased reabsorption of sodium, as well as
increased secretion of potassium
o The increase in sodium reabsorption leads to passive reabsorption of water and an increase in blood
pressure

References

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KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ,
Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA
Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll
Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-e248. [PubMed]

2. Reboussin DM, Allen NB, Griswold ME, Guallar E, Hong Y, Lackland DT, Miller EPR, Polonsky T, Thompson-Paul AM,
Vupputuri S. Systematic Review for the 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA
Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2018
Oct 23;138(17):e595-e616. [PubMed]
3. Aronow WS. Treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Ann Transl Med. 2017 May;5(Suppl 1):S5. [PMC free article]
[PubMed]

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