Page 111 - Agroforestry system - book inner (final corrected) - 9.-3-21_Neat

National level e-symposium on “Agroforestry system for augmenting livestock
productivity and empowering resource poor rural farmers”

intake by animals, enables to control the ratio of concentrate to roughage thereby reducing the feed cost,
increases the resting time in animals, maintains normal acetic to propionic acid with less fluctuation in release
of ammonia in rumen, helps in utilizing non-protein nitrogen more efficiently (Raja Kishore et al., 2017).
TMR can be prepared from the available fodder in agroforestry systems. Crop residue based TMR can be
enriched with the inclusion of tree fodder.
Conclusion

Agroforestry land use increases livelihood security and reduces vulnerability to climate and environmental
change. The overall (biomass) productivity, soil fertility improvement, soil conservation, nutrient cycling,
micro-climate improvement, and carbon sequestration potential of an agroforestry system is generally greater
than that of an annual system. Agroforestry systems also generate substantial fodder even under arid and
semi-arid conditions. After seasonal rains the fodder availability increases and sometimes the surplus fodder
is underutilised. Conservation of surplus fodder for use in the lean seasons is essential and negating the
harmful effects of antinutritional factors in fodder from agroforestry systems is equally important.

References
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Jose, S., Dollinger, J. (2019). Silvopasture: a sustainable livestock production system. Agroforest Syst 93, 1–9.

Raja Kishore K, Srinivas Kumar D and Raghava Rao E., (2017). Prospects of Total Mixed Ration (TMR)
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Singh, K.M. and Singh, R.K.P. and Jha, A.K. and Kumar, Abhay, (2013). A Micro Analysis of Fodder
Production and Marketing in India: The Case of Biharhttps://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53548/

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92 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Animal Production Studies, TANUVAS
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development