Page 30 - Agroforestry system - book inner (final corrected) - 9.-3-21_Neat

National level e-symposium on “Agroforestry system for augmenting livestock
productivity and empowering resource poor rural farmers”

silvi system produced wheat 3000 kg ha , soybean 2000 kg ha and eucalyptus 125 t ha resulting higher net
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profit. Besides this, litter fall residues of eucalyptus added 27.1, 2.0 and 7.0 kg NPK ha yr , respectively.
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Bamboo based agri-silvicultural system
High yielding genotypes of bamboo species viz., Bambusa balcooa B. tulda, , B nutan, D asper in
tarai region and Dendrocalamus hamiltoniiin low and mid hills under block plantation of 5m x 5m and on
boundary at the spacing of 5m or 3m were introduced. Intercrops like wheat, soybean, rapeseed, bean, mustard
are grown successfully for first two years. The total cost of cultivation in bamboo based system is about Rs.
110000. Output in terms of net profit per unit area is Rs. 180000-200000 ha yr after four years of age.
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Aonla based agroforestry system
Productivity of rainfed crops continues to be low; it is one half to one third of that obtained with irrigated
crops. Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is the best option among the semiarid and arid fruit crops and has
all required qualities for rainfed areas. In-situ moisture conservation techniques such as sunken method of
planting, stone mulching, sunken method of planting in association with deep tillage in rainfed marginal lands
where moisture stress is most serious problem in crop cultivation may help to conserve rainwater otherwise,
precious amount of water is lost through runoff. Deep tillage breaks hard layer of soil and facilitate water
penetration into deeper soil layer where moisture can be retained for quite long time, which may be beneficial
in the long run to the fruit trees and crop as well. Aonla gives 481.95 kg fruit ha at age of four years and
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fruit yield increased gradually in 6 and 7 year. In 7 year per plant fruit yield was observed 75 kg and total
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fruit yield from a hectare of land is about 3421.26 kg. Besides fruit yield, greengram produced about 145.35
kg grain every year from same unit of land. The total income from the system increased after four year when
aonla started fruiting and it goes up to Rs. 44,172 during 7 year.
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Prosopis based agroforestry

The khejari (Prosopis cineraria) based natural agroforestry system has large area in Rajasthan. This
tree has beneficial effect on crop yields besides giving fruit, fodder and fuel wood. In addition to increased
agriculture production at optimum density P. cineraria provides utilizable biomass of 19.96 tones ha
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including leaf fodder of 0.85 tones ha per year at 12 year age. Legumes are more suitable than Penisetum
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glaucum (pearlmillet). Yield of agricultural crop increased when density of P. cineraria was appropriate (i.e.,
optimum tree density), which varied with tree size/age because of competition for soil resources. Agroforestry
system existing on farmers field in Rajasthan has potential to sequestered 0.49 t C ha yr and total carbon
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sequestration potential of the state is 0.482 million t C with an area of 2.051 million ha under agroforestry. P.
cineraria is less competitive with crop as compared to the other tree species.

Melia dubia based Agroforestry system
Melia is a fast growing tree and yields good quality industrial timber in a short rotation. This tree is
promoted under block plantation and bund planting under agro forestry system. In addition, the seeds of Melia
are also being used for extraction of bio pesticides. This tree is cultivated in most the agro climatic zones, on
an average 14-15 cu. feet of timber was recorded within a short rotation of 10-12 years besides 20 per cent top
for chip wood and for fuel. Moreover, the tree leaves are also used as fodder for ruminants. In view of this, the

Institute of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Animal Production Studies, TANUVAS
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development 11