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PENILAIAN DAMPAK KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Stage 3. Exposure assessment

The next method is to start assessing the exposure levels. This involves four principle methods

 environmental and personal/biological monitoring;

 questionnaires of activity and movement in relation to the contaminant;

 modelling the incident source, chemical dispersion from the source and population exposure;

 assessing markers, often using other indicators, such as animal sentinels.

Stage 4. Assessment of acute health effects

The next stage is to start assessing the acute health effects. This involves gaining data on toxic and stress-related effects and
their functional, physical, morbidity and mortality outcomes. Advice can be given on protection, treatment and follow-up.

Stage 5. Assessment of longer-term health effects

Similar data on the longer-term health effects can be collected, although this demands considerable commitment and
resources from both the agencies and the public.

Stage 6. Epidemiological studies

The short- and long-term health effects can be identified using epidemiological studies correlated to the causes.