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December 1, 1640 - A nat ionalist revolut ion in
Port ugal led t o independence from Spain as t he
Spanish garrisons were driven out of Port ugal.
December 1, 1918 - Iceland was grant ed
independence by t he Danish parliament .

December 1, 1955 - In Mont gomery, AL, Rosa Parks
is arrest ed for refusing t o give up her seat in t he
front sect ion of a bus.
December 1, 1988 - Benazir Bhut t o was nominat ed
t o become prime minist er of Pakist an, t he first
woman t o govern a Muslim nat ion.

December 1, 1989 - Mikhail Gorbachev became t he
first Soviet Russian leader t o visit t he Vat ican and
meet t he Pope, t hus ending 72 years of st rict
at heist policy in Communist Russia.

December 1, 1990 - England was connect ed t o ...in December
mainland Europe for t he first t ime since t he Ice
Age as engineers digging a railway t unnel under
t he English Channel broke t hrough t he last rock

layer. Washkansky, who lived for 18 days.

December 2, 1804 - Napoleon Bonapart e was December 4, 1791 - The Observer, now t he
crowned Emperor of France by Pope Pius VII in oldest Sunday newspaper in t he world, was
Paris. first published in Brit ain.
December 2, 1823 - President James Monroe December 5, 1492 - Hait i was discovered by
int roduced his "Monroe Doct rine" during his Christ opher Columbus.
annual message t o t he Congress, prohibit ing
December 5, 1933 - The 21st Amendment
any furt her colonizat ion of t he American
repeals Prohibit ion. I'll drink t o t hat !
cont inent s by European powers, st at ing, "we
should consider any at t empt on t heir part t o December 6, 1865 - The 13t h Amendment t o t he
ext end t heir syst em t o any port ion of t his U.S. Const it ut ion was rat ified abolishing
hemisphere as dangerous t o our peace and slavery.
safet y..." December 7, 1787 - Delaware became t he first

December 2, 1891 - The t oilet paper roll was sat e t o adopt t he new const it ut ion of t he
pat ent ed. Unit ed St at es of America.
December 2, 1942 - Physicist s led by Enrico December 7, 1761 - Wax modeler Marie Tussaud
Fermi carried out t he world's first successful was born in Bern, Swit zerland. She est ablished
nuclear chain react ion at t he Universit y of Madame Tussaud's wax works in London and
Chicago. lat er added a Chamber of Horrors.
December 2, 1982 - Barney B. Clark receives t he December 7, 1941 - Pearl Harbor was bombed
world's first art ificial heart t ransplant . in a surprise Japanese at t ack. It marked t he
U.S. ent ry int o WWII.
December 3, 1967 - The first successful heart
t ransplant was performed by Dr. Christ iaan December 8, 1941 - A day aft er t he Japanese
Barnard at Cape Town, Sout h Africa, on Louis at t acks, on Pearl Harbor, t he Unit ed St at es and