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Chapter 6
Scientific Methods
6.1 Chapter Objectives
By the end of this chapter, student will be able to
race the evolution of scientific methods from early civilizations to modern evidence- T
based practices.
dentify and explain the key characteristics of the modern scientific method. I
pply the seven steps of the modern scientific method. A
ifferentiate between quantitative and qualitative research approaches and recog- D
nize their applications in computer science.
valuate the importance of validation, verification, and ethical considerations in E
computing research and development.
6.2 Early Forms of Scientific Methods
The scientific method is the backbone of scientific and technological progress. Before
the emergence of modern scientific methodologies, early civilizations developed system-
atic ways of observing nature, explaining phenomena, and solving problems. These early
forms of scientific methods laid the foundation for contemporary science, engineering,
and computing. For students of computers and information sciences, understanding early
scientific methods is important because modern computational thinking, algorithm de-
sign, and experimental evaluation are extensions of these early systematic approaches to
knowledge and problem solving.
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