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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Usually, the topic comes first and the controlling idea comes second in the topic
sentence. However, the controlling idea may come first. In the a sentences, the

topic is first. In the b sentences, the controlling idea is first.

--Topic-- ------------ Controlling Idea ------------
a. English borrows words from other languages.
--------- Controlling Idea --------- --Topic--
b. Other languages give words to English.

--Topic-- ------------ Controlling Idea ------------
a. English is necessary for many different jobs.
------- Controlling Idea -------- --Topic--

b. Many different jobs require English.

PRACTICE 1 The following paragraphs show how the controlling idea of a topic sentence
Two Parts of a controls a paragraph. The topic of all three paragraphs is the same: beaches.
Topic Sentence However, the content of each paragraph is quite different because the

controlling idea is different.
Step 1 Find the topic sentence in each paragraph.
Step 2 Draw a circle around the topic and underline the controlling idea.
There is one topic sentence in which the topic comes after the
controlling idea.

The first one has been done as an example.

Paragraph 1

Beaches
1
Beaches offer different pleasures to different kinds of people. Solitary
people can enjoy sunbathing or reading. Social people can usually find someone
to talk to or take a walk with. Curious individuals can collect seashells or study
the habits of seashore creatures, such as sand crabs or seagulls. Athletes can
swim, surf, jog, or play football or volleyball. Indeed, every type of person can
find enjoyment at a beach.

Paragraph 2

Beaches
Beaches are fun in summer and in winter. In summer, you can swim and do
many other water sports. If you don't like water sports, you can play beach
games or relax on the warm sand. In winter, beaches are less crowded, so they

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