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1st Int. Transborder Conf. of the Timor Island: Timor %u2013 Science without borderDili, 7-8 May 2025113Runoff Estimation For Loes Watershed In Timor-Leste Using Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN)Delfim da CostaUniversidade Nacional Timor Lorosae, Timor-LesteAbstractMeasuring runoff is crucial for watershed management in Timor-Leste, as it is not only for forecasting floods but is imperative for water resource management. Scholars have widely used numerous methods to measure the runoff; however, every method has advantages and disadvantages regarding data availability, resources, time, and equipment use. In Timor-Leste, the runoff in the watershed is rarely estimated due to a lack of equipment to conduct direct measurement, limited human resources to measure the runoff, and a low national budget allocated for the mandated department (Watershed Management Department at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock, and Forestry, or the National Directorate of Water and Sanitation (DNAS) at the Ministry of Infrastructure) to conduct the runoff measurement. Thus, the Soil Conservation ServiceCurve Number (SCS-CN) is seen as a less resource-intensive, low-budget, and the most popular method used to measure the runoff, and is assumed to be a model for the future runoff measurement of other watersheds in Timor-Leste. Therefore, this study used SCSCN to estimate the runoff of the Loes watershed. The study conducted in January toMarch 2024. Loes watershed lies between 9%u00b0 12' 49.78\to 125%u00b0 1' 42.50\to 2020 were used for the Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC). The weighted curve number obtained from land use land cover (LULC) generated by the University of Maryland for ASEAN, and the hydrological soil group (HSG) determined according to the soil texture obtained from the ISRIC Soil Data Hub. The result of the study revealed that up to 64 % of the total precipitation becomes runoff. The runoff peak occurs in December, but starts from October until May. Thus, this study concludes that the runoff in the Loes watershed is medium to high; thus, recommended to intensify the land management to increase infiltration and enhance land cover within Loes watershed area.Keywords: Watershed, Runoff, SCS-CN.