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dynasty papermaking, and is important for historians of 3 Cartwright, Duffy and Wang 2014.
Ming painting, book production and printmaking. The 4 The following information in this section is from personal
design of Ming paper money places it clearly in the context communication with Joe Cribb, former Keeper of the Department
of Coins and Medals, British Museum, and from the Museum’s
of the development of paper money in Chinese history, but database (http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_
key features and expressions are also found in other media online/collection_object_details.aspx).
such as seals and ceramics, thereby placing Ming paper 5 Hingley donated the Ming note (1942,0805.1 in the Department of
money in a much broader cultural context. Coins and Medals) and a book made of ten leaves of engraved jade
(1942,1012.1 in the Department of Asia).
6 von Glahn 2005. See also Zhou Xiang 2004; and Nei Menggu
Notes qianbi yanjiu hui and Zhongguo Qianbi bianjibu 1987.
1 MacGregor 2010, 465–9; http://www.bbc.co.uk/ 7 Peng 1993, 537–635. See also von Glahn 1996.
ahistoryoftheworld/. 8 Wu and Diao 2005.
2 The earliest paper money was the ‘flying cash’ feiqian of the Tang 9 For full details see Cartwright, Duffy and Wang 2014.
dynasty (618–907). The earliest surviving paper money is from the 10 Cartwright, Duffy and Wang 2014.
Jin dynasty (1115–1234). While the paper money issued by Qubilai 11 See Hunter 1978; Tsien 1985.
Khan during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) was very successful, the 12 Cartwright, Duffy and Wang 2014.
demise of Ming paper money served as a 400-year deterrent to 13 Duffy 2014 (http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2014articles/pdf/
government-issued paper money. See von Glahn 2005 and H. ebljarticle22014.pdf).
Wang 2014. 14 Cartwright, Duffy and Wang 2014.

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