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172                                                        E. Miyata

              Fujianese merchants were moving around East and Southeast Asia circulating
            products. Nagasaki and Manila were for sure within this circle and the goods were
            flowing from Nagasaki to Manila or Fujian and visa versa. Ceramics and other
            goods were imported from China by the Fujianese merchants to Nagasaki. Many
            Japanese products were shipped from Nagasaki to Manila or Nagasaki to China by
            the Fujianese merchants, especially from the late 17th century onwards.
              The key to Nagasaki’s being the link to Manila Galleon Trade was the Fujianese
            merchants who connected Nagasaki, Manila with Fujian, and that is why we !nd so
            many Fujian wares in Nagasaki. If it were not for Fujianese merchants there must be
            more quantity and types of Jingdezhen wares comparing to Fujian wares in
            Nagasaki. It was most probably that the Fujianese merchants brought Japanese
            products to Manila and sold them to the Mexican merchants in Manila and exported
            to New Spain which eventually were distributed to the whole Latin American.




            References

            Chia, L. (2006) The butcher, the baker, and the carpenter: Chinese Sojourners in the Spanish
              Philippines and their impact on Southern Fujian (Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries). Journal of
              the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 49(4), Maritime Diasporas in the Indian Ocean
              and East and Southeast Asia, 509–534.
            Kuwayama, G. (1997). Chinese ceramics in Colonial Mexico. Hawaii University Press.
            Miyata, E. (2017a). Portuguese intervention in the Manila Galleon Trade. Archaeo Press.
            Miyata, E. (2017b). Manila Galleon Trade-Chugokutoji no Taiheiyoukouekiken. Keio
              Gijukudaigaku Shuppankai.
            Ohashi, K. (2004). A study of the Ceramic trade at the Tirtayasa Site, Banten, Indonesia: The
              Strategic Point through the Ocean Silk Road. Bulletin of the Research Center for Silk
              Roadology, 20.
            Reid, A. (1993). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce 1450–1680: Expansion and Crisis (Vol.
              2). Yale University Press.
            Rinaldi, M. (1990). Kraak Porcelain, a moment in the history of trade. Bamboo Publishing.


            Cataogues

            The BinhThuan Shipwreck, Christie’s Australia, 2004.
            The Fort San SebastianWreck: A 16th century Portuguese Wreck off the Island of Mozanbique,
              Christie’s Amsterdam, 2004.
            Nossa Senhora dos Mártires, The Last Voyage, Verbo, 1998.
            Saga of San Diego, National Museum of the Philippines, 1993.
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