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bids by telephone for lots only if our staff are        auctioneer will decide at his or her sole option         expenses. The seller gives no warranty in relation
available to take the bids. Telephone bids cannot be    where the bidding should start and the bid               to any lot other than as set out above and, as far
accepted for lots estimated below HK$30,000. If         increments. The usual bid increments are shown           as the seller is allowed by law, all warranties from
you need to bid in a language other than in English,    for guidance only on the Written Bid Form at the         the seller to you, and all other obligations upon the
you must arrange this well before the auction.          back of this catalogue.                                  seller which may be added to this agreement by
We may record telephone bids. By bidding on the                                                                  law, are excluded.
telephone, you are agreeing to us recording your        7	 CURRENCY CONVERTER
conversations. You also agree that your telephone       The saleroom video screens, Christie’s LIVE™ and         2	 OUR AUTHENTICITY WARRANTY
bids are governed by these Conditions of Sale.          Christie’s website may show bids in some other
(B)	 INTERNET BIDS ON CHRISTIE’S LIVE™                  major currencies from that of the saleroom. Any          We warrant, subject to the terms below, that the
For certain auctions we will accept bids over           conversion is for guidance only and we cannot be
the Internet. Please visit www.christies.com/           bound by any rate of exchange used by Christie’s.        lots in our sales are authentic (our “authenticity
livebidding and click on the ‘Bid Live’ icon to see     Christie’s is not responsible for any error (human
details of how to watch, hear and bid at the auction    or otherwise), omission or breakdown in providing        warranty”). If, within 5 years of the date of
from your computer. As well as these Conditions         these services.
of Sale, internet bids are governed by the Christie’s                                                            the auction, you satisfy us that your lot is not
LIVE™ terms of use which are available on www.          8	 SUCCESSFUL BIDS
christies.com.                                          Unless the auctioneer decides to use his or her          authentic, subject to the terms below, we will
(C)	 WRITTEN BIDS                                       discretion as set out in paragraph C3 above,
You can find a Written Bid Form at the back of our      when the auctioneer’s hammer strikes, we have            refund the purchase price paid by you. The
catalogues, at any Christie’s office or by choosing     accepted the last bid. This means a contract for
the sale and viewing the lots online at www.            sale has been formed between the seller and the          meaning of authentic can be found in the glossary
christies.com. We must receive your completed           successful bidder. We will issue an invoice only to
Written Bid Form at least 24 hours before the           the registered bidder who made the successful            at the end of these Conditions of Sale. The terms
auction. Bids must be placed in the currency of         bid. While we send out invoices by post and/
the saleroom. The auctioneer will take reasonable       or email after the auction, we do not accept             of the authenticity warranty are as follows:
steps to carry out written bids at the lowest           responsibility for telling you whether or not your
possible price, taking into account the reserve.        bid was successful. If you have bid by written bid,      (a)	 It will be honoured for a period of 5 years
If you make a written bid on a lot which does not       you should contact us by telephone or in person
have a reserve and there is no higher bid than          as soon as possible after the auction to get details     from the date of the auction. After such time, we
yours, we will bid on your behalf at around 50% of      of the outcome of your bid to avoid having to pay
the low estimate or, if lower, the amount of your       unnecessary storage charges.                             will not be obligated to honour the authenticity
bid. If we receive written bids on a lot for identical
amounts, and at the auction these are the highest       9	 LOCAL BIDDING LAWS                                    warranty.
bids on the lot, we will sell the lot to the bidder     You agree that when bidding in any of our sales
whose written bid we received first.                    that you will strictly comply with all local laws and    (b)	 It is given only for information shown in
                                                        regulations in force at the time of the sale for the
C	 AT THE SALE                                          relevant sale site.                                      UPPERCASE type in the first phrase of the
1	 WHO CAN ENTER THE AUCTION
We may, at our option, refuse admission to our          D	 THE BUYER’S PREMIUM, TAXES                            catalogue description (the “Heading”) and,
premises or decline to permit participation in any      1	 THE BUYER’S PREMIUM
auction or to reject any bid.                           In addition to the hammer price, the successful          where no maker or artist is identified, it is given
                                                        bidder agrees to pay us a buyer’s premium on
2	RESERVES                                              the hammer price of each lot sold. On all lots           for information regarding date or period shown
Unless otherwise indicated, all lots are subject to a   we charge 25% of the hammer price up to and
reserve. We identify lots that are offered without      including HK$1,200,000, 20% on that part of the          in UPPERCASE type in the second phrase of the
reserve with the symbol • next to the lot number.       hammer price over HK$1,200,000 and up to and
The reserve cannot be more than the lot’s low           including HK$20,000,000, and 12% of that part of         catalogue description (the “Subheading”). It
estimate.                                               the hammer price above HK$20,000,000.
                                                                                                                 does not apply to any information other than in
3	 AUCTIONEER’S DISCRETION                              2	TAXES
The auctioneer can at his sole option:                  The successful bidder is responsible for any             the Heading or Subheading, even if shown in
(a)	 refuse any bid;                                    applicable tax including any VAT, sales or
(b)	 move the bidding backwards or forwards in          compensating use tax or equivalent tax wherever          UPPERCASE type.
any way he or she may decide, or change the order       such taxes may arise on the hammer price
of the lots;                                            and the buyer’s premium. It is the buyer’s               (c)	 The authenticity warranty does not apply
(c)	 withdraw any lot;                                  responsibility to ascertain and pay all taxes
(d)	 divide any lot or combine any two or more lots;    due. In all circumstances Hong Kong law takes            to any Heading, Subheading or part of any
(e)	 reopen or continue the bidding even after the      precedence. Christie’s recommends you obtain
hammer has fallen; and                                  your own independent tax advice.                         Heading or Subheading which is qualified.
(f) in the case of error or dispute and whether         For lots Christie’s ships to the United States, a
during or after the auction, to continue the            state sales or use tax may be due on the hammer          Qualified means limited by a clarification in a lot’s
bidding, determine the successful bidder, cancel        price, buyer’s premium and shipping costs on
the sale of the lot, or reoffer and resell any lot.     the lot, regardless of the nationality or citizenship    catalogue description or the use in a Heading
If any dispute relating to bidding arises during        of the purchaser. Christie’s is currently required
or after the auction, the auctioneer’s decision in      to collect sales tax for lots it ships to the following  or Subheading of one of the terms listed in the
exercise of this option is final.                       states: New York. The applicable sales tax
                                                        rate will be determined based upon the state,            section titled Qualified Headings on the page
4	BIDDING                                               county, or locale to which the lot will be shipped.
The auctioneer accepts bids from:                       Successful bidders claiming an exemption from            of the catalogue headed “Important Notices
(a)	 bidders in the saleroom;                           sales tax must provide appropriate documentation
(b)	 telephone bidders, and internet bidders            to Christie’s prior to the release of the lot. For       and Explanation of Cataloguing Practice”. For
through ‘Christie’s LIVE™ (as shown above in            shipments to those states for which Christie’s
Section B6); and                                        is not required to collect sales tax, a successful       example, use of the term “ATTRIBUTED TO…..” in
(c)	 written bids (also known as absentee bids or       bidder may be required to remit use tax to that
commission bids) left with us by a bidder before        state’s taxing authorities. Christie's recommends        a Heading or Subheading means that the lot is
the auction.                                            you obtain your own independent tax advice with
                                                        further questions.                                       in Christie’s opinion probably a work by the named
5	 BIDDING ON BEHALF OF THE SELLER
The auctioneer may, at his or her sole option, bid      E	WARRANTIES                                             artist but no warranty is provided that the lot is the
on behalf of the seller up to but not including         1	 SELLER’S WARRANTIES
the amount of the reserve either by making              For each lot, the seller gives a warranty that the       work of the named artist. Please read the full list
consecutive bids or by making bids in response          seller:
to other bidders. The auctioneer will not identify      (a)	 is the owner of the lot or a joint owner of the     of Qualified Headings and a lot’s full catalogue
these as bids made on behalf of the seller and will     lot acting with the permission of the other co-
not make any bid on behalf of the seller at or above    owners or, if the seller is not the owner or a joint     description before bidding.
the reserve. If lots are offered without reserve,       owner of the lot, has the permission of the owner
the auctioneer will generally decide to open the        to sell the lot, or the right to do so in law; and       (d)	The authenticity warranty applies to the
bidding at 50% of the low estimate for the lot. If      (b)	 has the right to transfer ownership of the lot
no bid is made at that level, the auctioneer may        to the buyer without any restrictions or claims by       Heading and Subheading as amended by any
decide to go backwards at his or her sole option        anyone else.
until a bid is made, and then continue up from that     If either of the above warranties are incorrect,         Saleroom Notice.
amount. In the event that there are no bids on a        the seller shall not have to pay more than the
lot, the auctioneer may deem such lot unsold.           purchase price (as defined in paragraph F1(a)            (e)	The authenticity warranty does not apply
                                                        below) paid by you to us. The seller will not be
6	 BID INCREMENTS                                       responsible to you for any reason for loss of profits    where scholarship has developed since the
Bidding generally starts below the low estimate         or business, expected savings, loss of opportunity
and increases in steps (bid increments). The            or interest, costs, damages, other damages or            auction leading to a change in generally accepted

                                                                                                                 opinion. Further it does not apply if the Heading

                                                                                                                 or Subheading either matched the generally

                                                                                                                 accepted opinion of experts at the date of the sale

                                                                                                                 or drew attention to any conflict of opinion.

                                                                                                                 (f)	The authenticity warranty does not apply if

                                                                                                                 the lot can only be shown not to be authentic by a

                                                                                                                 scientific process which, on the date we published

                                                                                                                 the catalogue, was not available or generally

                                                                                                                 accepted for use, or which was unreasonably

                                                                                                                 expensive or impractical, or which was likely to

                                                                                                                 have damaged the lot.

                                                                                                                 (g)	 The benefit of the authenticity warranty is

                                                                                                                 only available to the original buyer shown on the

                                                                                                                 invoice for the lot issued at the time of the sale

                                                                                                                 and only if the original buyer has owned the lot

                                                                                                                 continuously between the date of the auction and

                                                                                                                 the date of claim. It may not be transferred to

                                                                                                                 anyone else.

                                                                                                                 (h)	 In order to claim under the authenticity

                                                                                                                 warranty you must:

                                                                                                                 (i)	 g i v e u s w r i t t e n d e t a i l s , i n c l u d i n g f u l l

                                                                                                                 supporting evidence, of any claim within 5 years of

                                                                                                                 the date of the auction;

                                                                                                                 (ii)	 at Christie’s option, we may require you to

                                                                                                                 provide the written opinions of two recognised

                                                                                                                 experts in the field of the lot mutually agreed by

                                                                                                                 you and us in advance confirming that the lot is

                                                                                                                 not authentic. If we have any doubts, we reserve

                                                                                                                 the right to obtain additional opinions at our

                                                                                                                 expense; and

                                                                                                                 (iii)	 return the lot at your expense to the saleroom

                                                                                                                 from which you bought it in the condition it was

                                                                                                                 in at the time of sale.

                                                                                                                 (i)	 Your only right under this authenticity

                                                                                                                 warranty is to cancel the sale and receive a refund

                                                                                                                 of the purchase price paid by you to us. We will

                                                                                                                 not, in any circumstances, be required to pay you

                                                                                                                 more than the purchase price nor will we be

                                                                                                                 liable for any loss of profits or business, loss of

                                                                                                                 opportunity or value, expected savings or interest,

                                                                                                                 costs, damages, other damages or expenses.

                                                                                                                 (j)	 Books. Where the lot is a book, we give an

                                                                                                                 additional warranty for 14 days from the date of

                                                                                                                 the sale that if on collation any lot is defective in

                                                                                                                 text or illustration, we will refund your purchase

                                                                                                                 price, subject to the following terms:                                    319
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