Page 46 - The Golden Age of Chinese Archaeology: Celebrated Discoveries from the People’s Republic of China

and Black 1931. 73 Xia 1978, 222.
37 For the history of the Zhoukoudian discovery, see Anders- 74 For English summaries of archaeological discoveries
son 1934, 94-126; and 1943, 20-26. jia 1950. during this period, see Chang 1977; and Watson 1981.
38 For example, see Weidenreich 1936,1937, 1939, and 1943. 75 For more information, see Wu and Olsen 1985, especially
39 For the archaeological contribution of Yuan Fuli, see An 4-14.
1998. 76 Sichuan 1961; Shanghai 1962; and Zhongguo 1965^
40 Black 1925, 98; Andersson 1934, 331; and 1943, 32. 77 For example, see Zhongguo 1963; and Shandong 1974.
41 Gu 1926-1941, especially vol. i, 1926. 78 Chang 1969.
42 Li){1977,49-54. 79 Henan 1959; and Zhongguo 1965C.
43 Li Ji 1977, 38. 80 Yunnan 1959.
44 Li Ji offered a detailed description of the Anyang excava- 81 As a result of those excavations and surveys, see Zhongguo
tions. See Li Ji 1977, 49-119. ziran 1985.
45 Liang Siyong 1933. 82 Zhongguo i98ob; Gansu 1974; Hunan 1973; and Shaanxi
46 For the formal archaeological reports of these excavations, i988b.
see Liang and Gao 1962-1976. 83 Mao Zedong's wife, Jiang Qing, together with her three
47 Boule 1928; Andersson 1934, 146-155; and Teilhard de closest partners, held great political power during the
Chardin 1941. Cultural Revolution. For more information regarding the
48 This site was later excavated by the Archaeological Section Gang of Four, see MacFarquhar and Fairbank 1991,
during 1930-1931. See Wu 1930; and Li Ji 1934. 336-370.
49 Shi 1938. 84 Xia 1977. Xia Nai introduced the carbon-14 dating
50 Xia 1948. method to his Chinese colleagues in 1955, only a few years
51 Shi 1993. after its invention (see Xia 1955). In 1965, Xia built the first
52 This distinction warrants continuation, since palaeolithic carbon-14 laboratory in China at the Institute of Archae-
archaeology requires knowledge of geological stratigraphy ology.
and index fossils whereas knowledge of artifacts and 85 Xia 1985, 79-101.
cultural deposits are essential for Neolithic archaeology. 86 Zhongguo 1992.
53 Besides those mentioned in the text, Henri-Edouard-Prosper 87 Gansu 19833, and 1983^ Kaifeng 1978; and Handan 1977.
Breuil (1877-1961), a prominent French archaeologist, 88 Zhongguo Shandong 1984.
studied Palaeolithic discoveries from Zhoukoudian and 89 Zhejiang 1978; and Hemudu 1980.
northern China. See Breuil 1931. 90 Su and Yin 1981; Su 19843, 225-234; 1986; 1991; and 1994,
54 For more information, see Chen 1997, 264-275. 236-251.
55 Xia 1978, 221; and 1982, 454. 91 For the "Chinese archaeological school," see Su 1995.
56 For a brief biography of Zheng Zhenduo, see Xie 1993. For more information on Su's contributions, see Wang
57 Throughout his life as a student, Xia's talent and diligence i997c; and Cao 1998.
deeply impressed his advisor Stephen Glanville (1900- 92 A representive example was offered by Yu Weichao and
1956). In 1938, Glanville described Xia's prospects "I have Zhang Aibing. Their 1992 article treats ten theories and
not the least doubt that he is a man of real ability who methodologies, including stratigraphy, environmentalism,
will make a name for himself in China if he is ever settlement patterns, and metrology; see Yu and Zhang
allowed to work there again...." See Field and Wang 1997, 1992.
especially 39. 93 Hunan 1973; Hubei 19853; and Hubei 1989.
58 Wang 1985, 408 - 409. 94 For a summary of these publications, see Falkenhausen 1992.
59 Wang 1985, 408-410. 95 Zhang 19903, 72-73.
60 For his evolutional series, see Morgan 1877. 96 Olsen 1992, 3-4; 3nd Murphy 1995, 123-124, and 195.
61 Further explications are contained in his classic work, see 97 For a comprehensive summary of recent Sino-foreign
Engels 1884. srchseologicsl collaborations in China, see Murowchick
62 For a detailed discussion on Guo's study, see Dirlik 1989, 1997.
137-179. 98 Wu and Olsen 1985, 91-106; and Wenwu 1990, 60.
63 Tong 1995,177-183. 99 For a summary of major views on this issue, see Zhongguo
64 Chang 19863, 5-8; and Olsen 1987. 1998B.
65 For a brief history of the Department of Archaeology, 100 Wenwu 1990, 178 - 180.
Beijing University, see Li 1995. 101 Sichusn i987b 3nd 1989; Sichuan 1994; 3nd Jiangxi 1997.
66 Guo, 1956, 6; and Zheng 1956,10. 102 For more information, see Yang Xiaoneng 1999.
67 For a brief history of the Huangpu Military Academy, see 103 For silk psintings of the Wsrring States period and silk
Wang 1990. banners and paintings of the Western Han period, see
68 For the situation of Chinese anthropology since the Hunan 1983, pis. 52-53 and 79-86.
19505, see Guldin 1990, especially 3-29; and 1994. 104 Hubei 1989, i, 108-118.
69 Xia 1990. 105 Su 1996.
70 Murphy 1995, 81 - 83 and 183 -184. 106 The activities of two gangs at Houma, Shanxi province,
71 For the history of the Cultural Revolution, see MacFarquar exemplify the serious looting and smuggling situation in
and Fairbank 1991. China. See Yang i997b. For related laws and enforcement,
72 Luo 1998, 296-305. see Murphy 19943 and b, and 1995.

45 M O D E R N C H I N E S E A R C H A E O L O G Y