Page 336 - Decorative Arts, Part II: Far Eastern Ceramics and Paintings, Persian and Indian Rugs and Carpets

palmette twist
A prominent design element based on a side-view The spiral direction given to a knot when it is spun.
of the Chinese lotus. They appear distributed u
throughout an all-over field design, or in the central A yarn that has no clear spin direction, which is often
medallion format, where they serve as appendages the case with silk.
to the medallion by being situated on each of its
longitudinal sides. warp
A simple or compound yarn that forms the founda-
pass tion of a carpet or rug by running through its lon-
The passage of a weft across a textile. In rugs and car- gitudinal axis. It is the first element introduced
pets more than one weft pass usually follows each when stringing a carpet or rug on the loom, and,
row of knots. Also known as shoot or shot.
along with the wefts, forms the foundation. There
pile are four basic types of warp levels: one level, in
The ends of the knots that collectively form the which the majority of warps are set on one level;
upper surface, or nap, of a carpet. depressed, in which alternate warps lie at different
.1
ply levels to vary tension in the wefts; two levels, in
double
which there are two distinct warp levels; and
The twisting together of two or more yarns to form a warped, in which only one warp, with the pile yarns
thicker one for strength or stability; the resulting cords around it, is visible, while the other is concealed
can be re-plied, usually in the opposite direction.
beneath it due to extreme tension in the first and
reciprocal third passes of weft.
A design configuration in two colors, usually weft
opposed or interlocking, in which the colors show The yarns that are passed laterally across and inter-
identical contours where they are adjoined.
weaving with the warps that form a carpet's or rug's
repeat pattern foundation by holding the knots in place, thus con-
An all-over field pattern consisting of uniformly solidating its structure.
repeated design elements.
weft-attached
rewoven A method of securing the selvage by interweaving the
Recreated areas of lost or damaged warp and weft weft yarns partly or fully across it.
foundation.
X
rosette The number of passes or shots between rows of
A common ornament corresponding to the top view knots; i.e., X3 indicates three passes.
of a flower or blossom.
Z-spun
S-spun A yarn spun clockwise, so that its fibers slant in the
A yarn spun counter-clockwise, so that its fibers slant same direction as the cross segment of the letter Z.
in the same direction as the cross segment of the letter Two or more yarns may be thus plied to form a warp,
S. Two or more yarns may be thus plied to form a warp, or two or more warps may be plied to form a cable.
or two or more warps may be plied to form a cable.
2(Z2S)
selvage Two yarns, side by side, each consisting of two Z-
The lateral finishes of a rug or textile that is used to spun strands plied in an S direction.
prevent the fabric from fraying through wear.
Z4S
spin A yarn or cord composed of four Z-spun strands,
A twist given to fibers to create a continuous yarn. plied in an S direction.
symmetrical knot (Z2S)4Z
A knot in which the collar covers the face of both A cable composed of four warps, each composed of
warps, the knot ends protruding beneath it. Also two Z-spun strands, plied in an S direction; the four
known as the Turkish, or Ghiordes knot. warps have then been plied in a Z direction.

320 D E C O R A T I V E A R T S