Page 119 - Sothebys Speelman Gems of Chinese Art

Cloisonné enamel figures of Buddhist figures figures. A cloisonné enamel figure said to be 乾隆時期銅胎掐絲琺瑯佛教造像，不同於眾多之
from the Qianlong period are extremely rare, of the Sixth Panchen Lama, created in 1780s 銅鎏金造像，寥寥可數，極為罕見。掐絲琺瑯工
particularly in contrast to the vast output of to mark his visit to the capital, was included in 藝繁複，耗料巨量，凡如此精製巧作的華美造
images in gilt-metal. Cloisonné enamel required the exhibition Splendors of China’s Forbidden 像，皆應為宮廷御製，以供奉寺廟。
greater skill and resources to create, and all such City. The Glorious Reign of Emperor Qianlong,
high quality pieces of the period would have been The Field Museum, Chicago, cat. no. 151. In the 本品一對格魯派喇嘛造像，工藝超卓，形象生
lavish creations commissioned by the Imperial Yonghegong, Beijing, there is a cloisonné enamel 動細膩，琺瑯發色精純，且品相甚佳，原底尚
court for adorning temples. As pointed out by figure of Amitayus, dated to 1770, of identical
存，鑴十字金剛杵。二尊頭戴尖帽，帽巾垂落兩
Sir Harry Garner in his landmark work, Chinese iconography as the myriad of such dated figures
肩，乃格魯派喇嘛特徵。十五世紀，宗喀巴創
and Japanese Cloisonne Enamels, London, 1962, of Amitayus in gilt-bronze, illustrated in Buddhist
立格魯派。十九世紀，有文獻記載此類掐絲琺瑯
p. 93, “religious figures were seldom made in Statues in Yonghegong, Beijing, 2001, pl. 48. It
喇嘛造像，包括一尊大英博物館藏例，格魯派喇
cloisonné at any period, a surprising fact when appears to be the only cloisonné enamel figure in
嘛造型，或為班禪喇嘛，尺寸較大，1991年購
one bears in mind the traditional use of cloisonné the collection, amidst a multitude of gilt bronze
for religious ceremonial objects”. Those that examples. Interestingly, it shares identical 自史博曼藝術藏品館，圖見博物館網站，藏品編
do exist, prior to the 19th century were clearly decorative features with the current pair of 號1991,0522.1。皮耶．烏德瑞 典藏另有一尊
important works of art of superlative quality. figures, including the rare medallions of stylised 格魯派喇嘛造像，錄 Helmut Brinker 與 Albert
coiling birds, suggesting that they emanate from Lutz，《Chinese Cloisonné: The Pierre Uldry
The current pair of figures is of superb quality,
the same workshop.
sensitively modelled, brilliantly enamelled and Collection》 ，倫敦，1989年，圖版346。
preserved in very good condition with their The current pair was originally sold as part of
original intact bases intricately incised with an exceptional group of six eighteenth-century 據載，高宗皇帝曾數次下旨燒造掐絲琺瑯佛器，
visvajra motifs. Their characteristic pointed caps, cloisonné enamel Buddhist figures, the only 如乾隆二十九年（1764年），詔製六座大佛塔
depicted draping down the shoulders, identify examples that ever appear to have been offered 置於頤和園，又於乾隆三十九年（1774年）及
them as lamas of the Gelukpa school, originally at auction. Of this group, a figure of Syamatara 四十七年（1782年），再造佛塔共十二座，大
founded by Tsong Khapa in the 15th century. sold at Christie’s Hong Kong, 3rd November 多尚存北京。尺寸較小之掐絲琺瑯佛塔及寺廟
19th century images of such lamas in cloisonné 1998, lot 1026 for an unprecedented price. Of 模型較為常見，但造像卻甚罕見。可參考一尊
enamel are recorded, including a larger figure the same size as the current pair, it is clearly
掐絲琺瑯喇嘛造像，據傳為紀念嘉慶年間六世班
of a Gelukpa lama, possibly the Panchen Lama from the same workshop, sharing other closely
禪喇嘛進京而製，展於《Splendors of China’s
in the British Museum, acquired from A & J related features, including the rare decoration
Forbidden City. The Glorious Reign of Emperor
Speelman Ltd in 1991, illustrated online, museum on both sides with medallions of stylised coiling
Qianlong》，菲爾德博物館，芝加哥，編號151
no. 1991, 0522.1; and another figure of a Gelukpa birds, similar sensitive modelling of the facial
。北京雍和宮現存一尊掐絲琺瑯無量壽佛，紀為
lama in the Pierre Uldry collection, illustrated expressions and the same precise form of the
in Helmut Brinker and Albert Lutz, Chinese lotus base, suggesting that they all originated 乾隆三十五年（1770年），造型與同期之大量
Cloisonné: The Pierre Uldry Collection, London, from the same prestigious source. 銅鎏金無量壽佛像無異，錄於《雍和宮佛像寶
1989, pl. 346. 典》，北京，2001年，圖版48。雍和宮雖現存
The Gelukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism,
大量銅鎏金佛像，但該例應是唯一掐絲琺瑯造
It is recorded that the Qianlong Emperor decreed founded by Tsong Khapa and renowned as that
像，其衣飾也與本尊相類，如袍服上之團鳥，可
the creation of substantial religious structures of the Dalai and Panchen Lamas, emerged as the
in cloisonné enamel, including six monumental pre-eminent school in Tibet and Mongolia from 悉或出自同一作坊。
stupas for the Summer Palace at Chengde in the 17th century onwards. The principal Gelukpa
1764, and twelve more in 1774 and 1782, which temple in Beijing, where such figures as the 此二尊喇嘛像極為罕見，原屬一組六尊之十八
are mostly preserved intact in Beijing. Smaller current pair may have been commissioned for, 世紀掐絲琺瑯佛教造像，拍賣場上絕無僅有，
cloisonné enamel models of stupas and shrines was the Yonghegong. 1971年經倫敦佳士得售出。該組其中一尊綠度
are relatively frequently found, but rarely any 母，後以高價售於香港佳士得1998年11月3日，
編號1026。該例與本品尺寸一致，明顯出自同
一作坊，工藝風格甚為接近，正反兩面皆飾有
團鳥，面容刻畫細膩，蓮座造型精緻，足見御
匠巧工。

格魯派創始人是宗喀巴大師，又稱黃派，以政教
領袖達賴及班禪喇嘛而為人所知。自十七世紀
起，是西藏及蒙古最大佛教教派。雍和宮為北京
最大格魯派寺院，此對喇嘛造像及上述作例，或
為供奉雍和宮之御製品。

GEMS OF CHINESE ART — THE SPEELMAN COLLECTION I 117