Page 8 - Copper and Bronze in Art: Corrosion, Colorants, Getty Museum Conservation, By David Scott

loo CHAPTER 3 145 | CHAPTER 5
BASIC COPPER CARBONATES BASIC SULFATES
102 Malachite 146 Historical References to Copper Sulfates
Decorative uses of malachite
Malachite as a copper ore 147 The Basic Copper Sulfates
Nomenclature confusion Brochantite and anderite
Mineral properties Posnjakite
Malachite as a pigment Other basic sulfates
Malachite in bronze patinas 154 Environment and Corrosion
Isotope ratios to determine corrosion Atmospheric sulfur dioxide
environment Microenvironment and corrosion
108 Azurite 159 Case Studies of Exposed Bronzes
Azurite as a corrosion product The Statue of Liberty
Azurite as a pigment The Great Buddha at Kamakura
Conservation issues for azurite Gettysburg National Military Park bronzes
Brancusi's Infinite Column
111 Formation of Copper Carbonates in Solution
164 Sulfate Deposition in Burial Environments
113 Decomposition of Malachite and Azurite by Heat
113 Artificial Malachite and Azurite 165 Basic Sulfates as Pigments
114 Blue and Green Verditer 169 PLATES
Use of blue and green verditer in art
Synthesis of blue and green verditer 224 | CHAPTER 6
116 Mixed-Cation Copper Carbonates COPPER SULFIDES
Mixed copper-zinc carbonates in corrosion 226 The Chemistry of Copper Sulfides
Synthetic pigments with copper and zinc salts
227 Corrosion Environments and Copper Sulfide
117 Chalconatronite: A Sodium-Copper Carbonate Production
Synthesis and use of chalconatronite Sulfide formation in reducing environments
Chalconatronite as a corrosion product Sulfide formation from atmospheric exposure
Sulfide formation from pollution in the museum
122 CHAPTER 4 environment
CHLORIDES AND BASIC CHLORIDES
235 Copper Sulfides and Niello
122 The Copper Chlorides Niello recipes
Nantokite Artifacts decorated with niello
Atacamite Niello chemistry
Paratacamite (anakarite) and clinoatacamite
Botallackite 240 | CHAPTER 7
COPPER PHOSPHATES AND
125 Copper Chlorides and Bronze Disease COPPER NITRATES
Bronze disease research
Role of chloride ions in corrosion 240 The Copper Phosphates
Pitting corrosion Copper phosphate chemistry
Copper phosphate corrosion in different
134 The Basic Copper Chlorides as Pigments
environments
Synthetic pigments
Sampleite and the arid environment
Pigment morphology
Pseudomalachite: A copper phosphate pigment
139 Other Basic Copper Chlorides
Connellite 246 Turquoise
Calumetite The chemistry and mineralogy of turquoise
Anthonyite The history of turquoise
Cumengite and mixed copper-lead chlorides 250 The Copper Nitrate Minerals
Mixed copper-zinc chlorides Copper nitrate corrosion products
\ Other mixed-cation copper chlorides