Page 34 - Bonhams May 2022 Arrow Vases

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A BRONZE 'TAOTIE MASKS' ARROW VASE, TOUHU
12th-13th century
Sturdily cast with a compressed globular body rising from a spreading
pedestal foot surmounted by a tall cylindrical neck flanked by a pair of
tubular handles, the body interrupted by four protruding flanges, each
side decorated in low relief with a taotie mask, the foot decorated with
tumbling sea waves, the neck decorated with two bands of kui-dragon
between a band of diaper-ground and a band of key-fret pattern, the
handles and mouth similarly decorated with taotie masks, the surface
of a warm and brownish patina.
44.4cm (17 1/2in) high, 4.8kg.

HKD80,000 - 120,000
US$10,000 - 15,000
十二至十三世紀 銅仿古蟠夔紋雙貫耳投壺

The archaistic scrolls seen on the present vase's neck relate to the Compare also with a bronze vase decorated with similar scrolls, Yuan
revival of archaism during the late Northern Song and Southern Song dynasty, excavated in the Zhenhai Pagoda, Haiyan, illustrated by L.Li,
dynasties, which were influenced by the pankui wen (kui dragon scrolls) 'Zhenhai Pagoda at Haiyan and Unearthed Antiquities', Cultural Relics
from the archaic bronzes of the Eastern Zhou dynasty. Bogutu or of the East, December 2002, p.37, pl.37. See also the archaistic
Xuanhe Bogutu, the illustrated catalogue of archaic bronzes collected scrolls around the body and the neck of two bronze vases, 12th-14th
by the court of Norther Song dynasty, was first published in the fifth century, illustrated by R.Kerr, Later Chinese Bronzes, London, 1990,
year of Yuanhe reign (1123), and republished in various editions in the p.47, figs.35 and 36. See also the related archaistic scroll designs on
Southern Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Compare the pankui a band on two bronze vases, 13th century and 14th century, illustrated
wen with those decorated on a bronze ding in the Zhida chongxiu by D.Failla, Food for the Ancestors Flowers for the Gods, Genova,
xuanhe bogu tulu (Xuanhe bogu tulu republished in the Zhida reign), in 2017, pp.130, 131 and 136, pls.7.3, 7.4 and 7.10.
the National Palace Museum, Zhida period (1308-1311), vol.5, p.37.
Compare also with the same vessel in a later edition of Xuanhe bogu According to scholarly research, the earliest dated example decorated
75
tulu, republished in the sixteenth year of Wanli reign (1588) , in National with the angular leiwen pattern is a tripod vessel, dated fifth year of
君子之器—陕西蓝田吕氏家族墓出土仿古敦研究
archives, Japan, vol.5, p.22. Chunxi (1178) in the Southern Song dynasty, excavated from a tomb in
Wenzhou, which can be considered a prototype of the angular leiwen
《丧仪·穿圹》中明确提到，“葬有二法，有穿地直
Compare a bronze square vessel decorated with similar bands of pattern on the present vase. The latest is an artifact excavated from a
下为圹置柩，以土实之者；有先凿埏道，旁穿土室，
stylised achaistic scrolls, Southern Song dynasty, excavated from shipwreck off the coast of Sinan, South Korea, datable to 1323. For
撺柩于其中者，临时从宜……然则古者皆直下为圹，
the tomb of Huangshi, Zhejiang, illustrated by Y.W.Hu, 'Artifacts of a discussion about this pattern, see Wang Mu, 'Zhongguo Nanfang
而上实以土也。今疏土之乡，亦直下为圹，或以石、
the Junzi : A Study on the Archaistic Dui Vessels Unearthed from the Diqu Song Yuan Shiqi De Fanggu Qingtongqi' (The Archaistic Bronzes
或以砖为葬，仅令容柩，以石盖之。……《丧葬令》：
Burial Site of the Lu Family in Lantian, Shaanxi Province', Yishu Xue Excavated in Southern China), Cultural Relics in Southern China, 2011,
Yanjiu (Journal of Art Studies), 2020, vol.5, p.75, pl.11-b. Compare pp.147-148, no.3.
葬不得以石为棺椁及石室，谓其侈靡如桓司马者，此
also the band with a silver incense burner excavated in Zhejiang, which 但以石御土耳，非违令也。” 根据司马光的记载，
[2]
is illustrated in Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Zhongxing jisheng (The 当《丧葬令》明令禁止葬以石为棺椁和石室，而局
Achievements of Southern Song Dynasty), Beijing, 2015, p.175. 部如石盖可以用石质且不违规的情况下，吕氏家族墓
中大量出土石质器物，一方面与陕西蓝田生产骊山石
的地理优势有关；另一方面也是更为关键的，作为士
大夫身份的吕氏家族，在严格遵守《丧葬令》规定
的前提下，以石质制作器物随葬墓中，正如吕义山
墓出土石鼎铭文所谓“以配永极”。关于墓葬形制，
中原北方地区宋墓有小型土洞墓、砖室墓和少量石室
墓，其中早期北方土洞墓的使用者主要是一些品官、
城市平民、农村的自耕农和儒生等社会上较有地位的
[3] [4]
人 ，如西安市长乐东路发现的吕远墓 。但与吕氏
家族墓同为北宋中后期的韩琦和富弼家族墓则均为
[5]
砖石墓 ，而吕氏家族墓群 29 座墓均为竖穴土洞而
不用石，有以下几种可能：或为丧葬令的限制；或为
地域传统，如司马光《书仪》中所谓疏土和坚土之区
别，前面提到的吕远墓即为竖穴土洞墓，且墓道四壁
竖直，平面呈梯形，东壁南壁交接处挖交替踏窝，与
吕氏家族墓墓道构造相似；或为吕氏家族仿效三代以
求复古，但具体为何，将另辟专文讨论。
还有一点需要特别注意的是，尽管两宋时期有
Image courtesy of Victoria and Excavated from the tomb of 明确的禁铜政策，但据目前掌握的出土材料，北宋
图11上 铜钫，口径5厘米，高18.8厘米，浙江南
Albert Museum Huang Shi
宋黄石墓出土
維多利亞及艾伯特博物館藏 南宋黃石墓出土
下 铜鼎，通高13.5厘米，浙江南宋黄石墓出土
[1]
经看到这些材质替换的先例。宋代实行禁铜政策 ， [1] 如“太宗即位，诏昇州置监铸钱，令转运使按行所部，凡山川之出铜者
悉禁民采，并以给官铸焉。”脱脱等：《宋史》卷一百八十·志第一百三十三
而对于吕氏来说，这种材质的替换，一方面符合他们
32 | BONHAMS 《食货下》，中华书局1985年版，第4376页。
的士人身份；另一方面又可以寄托家族的古物理想， [2] 司马光：《书仪》，《丛书集成新编》三五，新文丰出版社1986年版，第
但为何以石质代替青铜，或另有涵义。 36页。
[3] 秦大树：《宋元明考古》，文物出版社2004年版，第138—141页。
石自东汉以来即是墓葬建造的重要材质，也是 [4] 中国考古学会编：《中国考古学年鉴·1987》，文物出版社1988年版，第
269—270页。
北朝隋唐以来贵族石棺石椁的常用材质，“石”象征
[5] 刘未提出臣子墓葬使用石室是自上而下经过诏令许可才可以享用的特殊待
永极，可长久留存。北宋司马光在《书仪》卷七 遇，参见刘未：《宋代的石藏葬制》，《故宫博物院院刊》2009年第6期。