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1. Note that 菩薩 is a contraction of 菩提薩埵, which is a transliteration of 1. 「菩薩」乃梵文 bodhisattva 音譯「菩提薩埵」之簡稱。
the Sanskrit term “bodhisattva”.
2. 關於菩薩的資料可參見:Robert E. Buswell, Jr. 及 Donald S. Lopez, Jr. 合
2. For information on bodhisattvas, see: Robert E. Buswell, Jr. and Donald 著的《The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism》(新澤西州普林斯頓:
S. Lopez, Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton, NJ: 普 林斯 頓 出 版社,2013);A.L. Basham 所 撰〈The Evolution of the
Princeton University Press), 2013; A.L. Basham, “The Evolution of the Concept of the Bodhisattva〉,載於 Leslie S. Kawamura 著 作《The
Concept of the Bodhisattva” in Leslie S. Kawamura, The Bodhisattva Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism》(加拿大安大略省滑鐵盧:勞雷
Doctrine in Buddhism (Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Published by Wilfrid 爾大學 (Wilfrid Laurier University)為加拿大宗教研究中心(Canadian
Laurier University for the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion), Corporation for Studies in Religion) 出版,1981);Leslie S. Kawamura
1981; Leslie S. Kawamura, The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism
(Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Published by Wilfrid Laurier University for 著作《The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism》(加拿大安大略省滑鐵
the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion), 1981; Paul Williams, 盧:勞雷爾大學為加拿大宗教研究中心出版,1981);Paul Williams 所著
Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, 2 edition, in the 《Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations》第二版,收錄於
nd
Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices series (New York: Routledge), 《Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices》系列(紐約:Routledge,
2009; Chün-fang Yü, Kuan-Yin: The Chinese Transformation of 2009);于君方所著《Kuan-Yin: The Chinese Transformation of
Avalokitesvara (New York: Columbia University Press), 2001. Avalokitesvara》(紐約:哥倫比亞大學出版社,2001)。
3. See Angela Falco Howard et al., Chinese Sculpture in The Culture and 3. 詳見 Angela Falco Howard 等合著的《Chinese Sculpture in The Culture
Civilization of China series (New Haven: Yale University Press; and and Civilization of China》系列頁 228(紐黑文:耶魯大學出版社;北京:
Beijing: Foreign Languages Press) 2006, p. 228. 外文出版社,2006)。
4. For a bodhisattva holding both a vase and a fly whisk, see Harvard Art 4. 就手執寶瓶和拂塵的菩薩,可參見哈佛大學藝術博物館(登錄號
Museums, accession number 1943.53.77. 1943.53.77)。
5. For a gilt bronze altarpiece including only a Buddha and two 5. 一佛二菩薩組成的一鋪三尊鎏金銅像,請見華盛頓特區的弗利爾美術館(登
Bodhisattvas, see Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, accession no. 錄號 F1914.21);至於群鋪式的鎏金銅群像,請見 Rene-Yvon Lefebvre
F1914.21; for a gilt bronze altarpiece including numerous figures, see d’Argence 等合著的《Chinese, Korean and Japanese Sculpture in the
Rene-Yvon Lefebvre d’Argence et al., Chinese, Korean and Japanese Avery Brundage Collection》頁 192-193 編號 92(登錄號 B60 B8+)。
Sculpture in the Avery Brundage Collection, pp. 192-193, no. 92,
accession no. B60 B8+. 6. 圖見哈佛大學藝術博物館(登錄號 1943.53.32、1943.53.54 及
6. See: Harvard Art Museums, accession numbers 1943.53.32, 1943.53.54, 1943.53.77)。
and 1943.53.77. 7. 圖見金申編著的《海外及港台藏歷代佛像:珍品紀年圖鑑》(太原:山西人
7. See: Jin Shen, Haiwai ji Gang Tai cang lidai foxiang [Treasures of 民出版社,2007)頁 485 右上角。
Buddhist Sculpture in Overseas Collections Including Hong Kong and 8. 圖見金申編著的《海外及港台藏歷代佛像:珍品紀年圖鑑》(太原:山西人
Taiwan] (Taiyuan: Shanxi Renmin Chubanshe), 2007, p. 485, upper 民出版社,2007)頁 481。
right corner. 金申, 編著,海外及港台藏歷代佛像:珍品紀年圖鑑 (太原: 9. 圖見金申編著的《海外及港台藏歷代佛像:珍品紀年圖鑑》(太原:山西人
山西人民出版社),2007 年,第1版, 485頁, 右上角. 民出版社,2007)第 1 版頁 477 及 475。
8. See: Jin Shen, Haiwai ji Gang Tai cang lidai foxiang, p. 481. 金申, 編著, 10. 圖見金申編著的《海外及港台藏歷代佛像:珍品紀年圖鑑》(太原:山西
海外及港台藏歷代佛像, 481頁. 人民出版社,2007)第 1 版頁 485。
9. See: Jin Shen, Haiwai ji Gang Tai cang lidai foxiang, pp. 477 and 475 11. 圖見金申編著的《海外及港台藏歷代佛像:珍品紀年圖鑑》(太原:山西
respectively. 金申, 編著,海外及港台藏歷代佛像, 477, 475頁 分別.
人民出版社,2007)第 1 版頁 474。
10. See: Jin Shen, Haiwai ji Gang Tai cang lidai foxiang, p. 485. 金申, 編著,
海外及港台藏歷代佛像, 485頁.
11. See: Jin Shen, Haiwai ji Gang Tai cang lidai foxiang, p. 474. 金申, 編著,
海外及港台藏歷代佛像, 474頁.
24 Contemplating The Divine – Fine Buddhist Art 正觀自在 — 佛教藝術精品