Page 110 - EVOLUTION OF THE SUDAN PEOPLE’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT(SPLM),

PERSONAL INTERVIEWS AND REVIEWS

General Joseph Lagu, Anya Nya commander, from 1960 to 1972 and from 1972-1974 in the Sudan
Army, President of Southern Sudan Government from 1974-1978. He was a signatory to the Addis Ababa
Agreement, on 3 March 1972, on behalf of the Anya Nya Liberation front with the Sudan Government,
led by General Numieri, then President of Sudan. The Anya Nya was fighting secession of Southern Sudan
from Khartoum. The Anya failed to achieve independence.

I also reviewed the following Anya Nya offices:

A.

(a) General Albino Akol Akol, born 1.1.1945 and alife

(b) General Andrew Makur Thou born probably 1940s, died 2017

(c) General Alfred Deng Aluk, born proximately 1930s, died 2016

(d) General Akuen Akuen Ajou, born 1947, and life

(e) Also, I interviewed many low ranking, 50 retired officers and NCOs from Anya Nya at random, as they
were not ready to have their names recorded because they were blacklisted by SPLA earlier on as spies
since they were at Khartoum side. They were afraid of the SPLM government. Their message was the same
“we did not accomplish our mission: the independence, because we were betrayed by our leaders. Addis
Ababa agreement of 1972, according to them, was a sell-out.”

B. The SPLM/SPLA leaders, officers, and NCOs I interviewed:

(i) President Salva Kiir Mayardit’s talked to army officers on 16 May 2017, marking Bor mutiny, among
his statement, he said, “after capturing the Sudan military Garrison at Bor, on 16 May 1983, at military
headquarters at Bilfam, Juba, we moved our forces out Bor, Jonglei, to the Ethiopian borders. Here, we were
met by Anya Nya two leaders and their forces. The Anya Nya two were well organized and their forces were
more than our forces. The Anya Nya two forces and our force were friendly because they know themselves
in Anya Nya. ‘General Salva Kiir himself, Col. John Garang, Kerubino Kuanyin, William Nyuon etc. were
fighters in Anya Nya one 1960s-1972 and in the Sudan army 1972-1983.’ He said that two groups: SPLA
led by Dr. John, Salva Kiir, Kerubino Kuanyin, William Nyuon Beny etc., Akuot Atem Mayen, Gai Tut,
Abdella Chuol etc., met at Etang, Ethiopia, on 18 August 1983 and differed seriously, on the secession
of South Sudan versus democratical ‘New Sudan.’ The two sides failed to agree on John’s vision of new
Sudan. This was the cause of the war between the SPLM and Anya Nya two. Anya Nya was defeated, thus
Killing Akuot Atem and Gai Tut, Salva disclosed that. we were assisted Mengisto Haile Mariam.” the Anya
Nya two was then defeated.

(ii) Along with Salva’s statement, I interviewed over 70 leaders, officers, NCOs and few civilians who
caution me individually not to cite their names in writing. I failed to the Anya Nya or SPLA codes of arms.

(iii) I hope this short report will be sufficient for primary findings since the secrecy of the SPLM/SPLA
rendered me handicap to mentioning of names, though I was able to get the information I wanted: (a) the
Anya Nya two war for independence and the SPLM/SPLA’s war of democratically united New Sudan. I
found that the Anya Nya failed in 1972 war but succeed in the war of 1983-2005.

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