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6. Konstipasi ............................................................................................ 196
7. Gejala Kekurangan Vitamin ............................................................. 197
8. Gejala Kekurangan Mineral.............................................................. 197
Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 204
Bab 5 Zat Aditif dan Zat Adiktif ........................................................ 209
A. Zat Aditif ............................................................................. 211
1. Pewarna ................................................................................................ 213
2. Pemanis ................................................................................................ 219
3. Pengawet .............................................................................................. 221
4. Penyedap .............................................................................................. 222
5. Pemberi Aroma ................................................................................... 223
6. Pengental ............................................................................................. 224
7. Pengemulsi .......................................................................................... 225
B. Zat Adiktif ........................................................................... 227
1. Jenis-jenis Zat Adiktif ........................................................................ 227
2. Dampak Penggunaan Zat Adiktif bagi Kesehatan ...................... 232
C. Upaya Pencegahan Diri dari Bahaya Narkoba ................. 237
Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 249
Bab 6 Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia .......................................... 253
A. Struktur dan Fungsi Sistem Peredaran Darah.................. 255
1. Darah ..................................................................................................... 255
2. Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah ......................................................... 263
B. Gangguan atau Kelainan pada Sistem Peredaran
Darah dan Upaya untuk Mencegah
serta Menanggulanginya .................................................. 272
1. Jantung Koroner ................................................................................ 272
2. Stroke ................................................................................................... 275
3. Varises ................................................................................................... 275
4. Anemia ................................................................................................. 276
5. Hipertensi dan Hipotensi ................................................................. 277
Uji Kompetensi ....................................................................... 283
Informasi Pelaku Penerbitan ............................................................ 287
Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................... 301
Glosarium ........................................................................................... 306
Indeks .......................................... ...................................................... 319
Catatan ............................................................................................... 324
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Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
