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to either the Carrizo Creek station (95 miles) or the Vallecito station (113 miles). Interestingly, 100 miles is almost precisely the distance from the Yuma crossing to Warner’s Ranch. Perhaps, following the initiation of Butterfield’s operation, Giddings moved all of his rolling stock to the San Antonio to El Paso leg.
61. Duffen, “Overland,” part 1, pp. 35-37.
62. William T. Smith was the successor to Coons’ holdings on the American side of the river and was killed in a stage accident a year or two later.
63. Duffen, “Overland,” part 2, p. 148. This source actually states three weeks. Either Way was mis- taken or the editor of his journal misread the infor- mation (a 3 for an 8). The shooting must have occurred around the first of April for George Gid- dings to learn of the incident by mid-April.
64. Ibid., p. 150. This number of six guards accom- panying a driver (for a total of seven employees) keeps cropping up and will be recalled in the next chapter.
65. Ibid., pp. 148-152. The government, that Way thought should set Giddings and Doyle straight, Austerman, Sharps Rifles, p. 141, was still paying the mail contractors in certificates of indebtedness, at least through the third quarter of 1858. Giddings finally found a NewYork financier who, at a substan- tial discount, exchanged the promissory paper for cash.
66. ThiswouldindicatethatLeach’sreservoirs werenotyetstoringwater.
67. Duffen, “Overland,” part 2, p. 152.
68. Winfrey, “Overland Mail Trail,” p. 27.
69. San Antonio Herald, July 20, 1858, p. 1 and
subsequent issues.
70. Tevis would also figure in the counter-raids of
the Pinos Altos miners against the Apaches, in the Confederate invasion of New Mexico, and as an officer for the South during the Civil War.
71. James Henry Tevis, Arizona in the ’50’s (Albu- querque: University of New Mexico Press, 1954), pp. 13-23 (hereafter cited as Tevis, Arizona).
72. Ibid., pp. 24-40, 70-91, 99-100.
73. Ibid., pp. 146-148. This action initiated a blood feud that resulted in Tevis killing Dirty Shirt and Cochise’s brother-in-law and Cochise’s eventual at- tempt to do away with Tevis.
74. Ibid., pp. 148-149. Either the transition of the mail route operation from Giddings to Butterfield hadbeencompletedbythistime,orDailywasone
of several drivers who changed employers. Chronol- ogy of Tevis’s various stories support the former alternative.
75. Ibid., p. 150.
76. Ibid., pp. 168-170.
77. Ibid., pp. 172-184.
78. Ibid., pp. 186-188. According to Tevis, the
ranch was burned to the ground by Elder’s wife. 79. Mahon and Kielman, “George H. Giddings,”
p. 235.
80. Webb and Carroll, Handbook, p. 545; Mullin,
Pioneers, p. 19.
81. Thonhoff, Stage Lines, p. 16; Mesilla Times,
June 9, 1860, p. 4.
82. Richard C. Hindley, “On the Trail of Butter-
field,” New Mexico, Vol. 48 (May-June, 1970), p. 32 (hereafter cited as Hindley, “On the Trail”).
83. Winther, Western Express, 90; Winfrey, “Over- land Mail Trail,” p. 31. Butterfield’s associates in- cluded William B. Dinsmore, William G. Fargo, James V. P. Gardner, Marcus L. Kinyon, Alexander Holland, and Hamilton Spencer.
84. Winther, Western Express, p. 109.
85. Ibid., p. 89; Root and Connelley, Overland Stage, p. 7. One bidder failed to meet specifications and Butterfield’s consortium had submitted three. The other five bidders were James E. Birch; James Glover; S. Howell and A. E. Pace; David D. Mitchell, Samuel E. Churchill, William Gilpin, and partners;andJamesJohnson,Jr.,andJosephClark.
86. Winfrey,“OverlandMailTrail,”p.29. This was essentially the route west from Santa Fe estab- lished by Aubry and Whipple.
87. Root and Connelley, Overland Stage, p. 10. The maximum subsidy was to be $300,000 for semi- monthly service, $450,000 for weekly, and $600,000 for semiweekly.
88. It may not have been a coincidence that Mem- phis was Brown’s home town.
89. Winfrey, “Overland Mail Trail,” pp. 29-30. 90. Root and Connelley, Overland Stage, p. 8.
91. WilliamPrestonJohnston,TheLifeofGeneral
Albert Sidney Johnston Embracing His Services in the Annies of the United States, the Republic of Texas, and the Confederate States (New York: D. Appleton
and Company, 1879), pp. 211-215; Frederic L. Pax- son, History of the American Frontier, 1763-1893 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1924), p. 462.
92. Banning and Banning, Six Horses, pp. 133-134; RootandConnelley,OverlandStage,p.10. Some,
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