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offshore locations that have simple tax and money laundering rules – whereas the real investor sits in some other country, according to the IMF. From the money coming into Russia via these trans-shipment countries a total of $102bn, or 23.2% of total foreign investment in Russia, is Russian in origin and known as “round-tripping” investment.
While net FDI is likely to be close to zero or at the most on the order of some $10bn a year, it is clear that FDI remains way below the circa $80bn Russia took in as FDI a year during the peak of the boom years – and much of that was Russian money returning home.
50 RUSSIA Country Report March 2020 www.intellinews.com
