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Unit

23 be/have/do in present and past tenses

A be (= am/is/are/was/were) + -ing (cleaning/working etc.)

am/is/are + -ing Please be quiet. I’m working.

(present continuous) It isn’t raining at the moment.
What are you doing this evening?
→ Units 3–4 and Unit 25

was/were + -ing I was working when she arrived.
(past continuous) It wasn’t raining, so we didn’t need an umbrella.
What were you doing at 3 o’clock?
→ Unit 13

B be + past participle (cleaned/made/eaten etc.)

am/is/are + past participle I’m never invited to parties.
(passive present simple) Butter is made from milk.

These offices aren’t cleaned every day.
→ Unit 21

was/were + past participle The office was cleaned yesterday.
(passive past simple) These houses were built 100 years ago.
How was the window broken?
→ Unit 21
Where were you born?

C have/has + past participle (cleaned/lost/eaten/been etc.)

have/has + past participle I’ve cleaned my room.

(present perfect) Tom has lost his passport.
Kate hasn’t been to Canada.
→ Units 15–18
Where have Paul and Emma gone?

D do/does/did + infinitive (clean/like/eat/go etc.)

do/does + infinitive I like coffee, but I don’t like tea.
(present simple negative Chris doesn’t go out very often.
and questions) What do you usually do at weekends?
Does Sam live alone?
→ Units 6–7

did + infinitive I didn’t watch TV yesterday.

(past simple negative and It didn’t rain last week.
questions) What time did Paul and Emma go out?

→ Unit 12

irregular verbs ➜ Unit 24, Appendix 2–3