Page 4 - Mesenchymal Stem cells, Exosomes and vitamins in the fight aginst COVID

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 234 (2021) 105009
L. Rezakhani et al.
RNAs that regulate the mRNA translation of target genes by interaction alleviate ARDS is well known (Ghorbani et al., 2017).
with 3’ untranslated region of relating mRNA (Abdollahi et al., 2019). This technique can be used as an effective therapy for the delivery of
Since viral protein synthesis occurs in the host cell, this regulatory different synthetic and biological molecules in cellular therapy of
function of miRNAs can be used against viral diseases. Using miRNAs in various diseases. Indeed, these cells can be considered as potent drug
this purpose requires perfect or near-perfect matches with the mRNA of stores releasing biologically active substances. Furthermore in compar-
the viral genome (gRNA) or parts of its genome that is protein-coding. ison with other treatments such as monoclonal antibody therapy, the
This binding, cause cleavage and degradation of the target gene costs of MSC-secretome seem probably lower which is important in
(Yekta et al., 2004). Therefore, in order to minimize the side effects, it is treating a pandemic (Caplan, 2017). Despite the potential of
important to select a sequence of miRNAs that specifically bind to the MSC-derived exosomes for treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the use of exo-
virus genome. Complementary sequences to the human genome can somes for any purpose in SARS-CoV-2, including but not limited to
including non-specific gene silencing (Singh et al., 2011). There are reducing cytokine storm, exerting regenerative effects or delivering
several powerful programs to identify and predict gene targets of miR- drugs are currently pending the generation of appropriate
NAs, such as MirTarget, MiRanda, TargetScan and, PicTar II (Sethupathy manufacturing and quality control provisions (Borger et al., 2020).
et al., 2006). Ivashchenko and colleagues (Ivashchenko et al., 2020), Current clinical trials highlight the potential benefits of stem cell
decided to identify human miRNAs that affect the expression of secretome therapies for COVID-19 patients. However, further studies are
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus genomes. Their goal was to design a set of therefore important to clarify the safety and effectiveness of these
miRNAs that would specifically bind to the coronavirus genome to therapies and their long-term outcomes.
destroy it, without any side effects on human gene expression which
may have the potential to be used as a new approach in coronavirus
Declaration of Competing Interest
treatment. Using MirTarget, they identified miR-5197-3p out of the
2565 miRNAs that had the greatest potential to interaction with the
The authors report no declarations of interest.
gRNA of SARS-CoV-2, without having target genes among the 17,508
human coding genes.
Acknowledgments
A possible explanation for the fact that SARS-CoV-2 infection is less
frequently observed in children aged less than 15 years compared to
The authors acknowledge the Cellular and Molecular Research
adults over 60 years is that the expression of piwi-interacting RNA (pi-
Center of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences for supporting our
RNA) and miRNA is Age-Dependent phenomena, in fact pi-RNA
expression is decreased with age, while miRNA expression is team. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding
agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
increased. It seems that during ontogenesis the expression of one or
more pi-RNAs that can bind to the viral gRNA decreases. Likewise, the
concentration of miRNAs capable of binding to the gRNA and expressed References
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