Page 177 - Malcolm Gladwell - Talking to Strangers

Chapter Eleven: Case Study: The Kansas City Experiments

“Many of us…knew much about”: George Kelling et al., “The Kansas City Preventive Patrol
Experiment: A Summary Report” (Washington, DC: Police Foundation, 1974), p. v,
https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Kelling-et-al.-1974-THE-KANSAS-
CITY-PREVENTIVE-PATROL-EXPERIMENT.pdf.
“This country’s social problems…progress is very small”: Alan M. Webber, “Crime and
Management: An Interview with New York City Police Commissioner Lee P. Brown,” Harvard
Business Review 63, issue 3 (May–June 1991): 100, https://hbr.org/1991/05/crime-and-
management-an-interview-with-new-york-city-police-commissioner-lee-p-brown.
“A four-year-old boy…sickening, outrageous”: George Bush, “Remarks to the Law Enforcement
Community in Kansas City, Missouri,” January 23, 1990, in George Bush: Public Papers of the
Presidents of the United States, January 1–June 30, 1990, p. 74.
The description of Kansas City’s Patrol District 144 is from Lawrence Sherman et al., “The Kansas
City Gun Experiment,” National Institute of Justice, January 1995,
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/kang.pdf; new strategy halves gun crimes in District 144, Exhibit 4,
p. 6; statistics for 200 days of Gun Experiment, p. 6.
“The police went…‘would ever come’”: James Shaw, “Community Policing Against Crime:
Violence and Firearms” (PhD dissertation, University of Maryland College Park, 1994), p. 118;
“Not unlike residents…can’t see anything,” pp. 122–23; statistics for seven months of Kansas City
Gun Experiment, p. 136; “Officers who recovered…‘will be the night!’” pp. 155–56.
“When you stop…to do a frisk” (in footnote): Erik Eckholm, “Who’s Got a Gun? Clues Are in the
Body Language,” New York Times, May 26, 1992,
https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/26/nyregion/who-s-got-a-gun-clues-are-in-the-body-
language.html.
“There are moving violations…personal judgment”: David A. Harris, “Driving While Black and
All Other Traffic Offenses: The Supreme Court and Pretextual Traffic Stops,” Journal of Criminal
Law and Criminology 87, issue 2 (1997): 558,
https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6913&context=jclc.
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the officer: Heien v. North Carolina, 135 S. Ct. 534 (2014),
https://www.leagle.com/decision/insco20141215960.

“I don’t know why…too simplistic for us”: Fox Butterfield, “A Way to Get the Gunmen: Get the
Guns,” New York Times, November 20, 1994, https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/20/us/a-way-to-
get-the-gunmen-get-the-guns.html.
In 1991 the New York Times: Don Terry, “Kansas City Police Go After Own ‘Bad Boys,’”
September 10, 1991, https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/10/us/kansas-city-police-go-after-own-bad-
boys.html.
For the rise in North Carolina traffic stops in the early 2000s, see Deborah L. Weisel, “Racial and
Ethnic Disparity in Traffic Stops in North Carolina, 2000–2001: Examining the Evidence,” North
Carolina Association of Chiefs of Police, 2014, http://ncracialjustice.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/08/Dr.-Weisel-Report.compressed.pdf.

One of Weisburd’s former students (in footnote): E. Macbeth and B. Ariel, “Place-based
Statistical Versus Clinical Predictions of Crime Hot Spots and Harm Locations in Northern Ireland,”
Justice Quarterly (August 2017): 22, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2017.1360379.