Page 7 - Lands of Belonging SAMPLE

As Easy as One-Two-Three
Around one and a half thousand years ago, Indian people developed the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, a way of writing numbers which was much simpler than the Roman numerals commonly used at the time. Roman numerals are letters that represent numbers, so 1 = I, 5 = V and 10 = X and so on. Depending on the order of the letters, you add or subtract numbers to reach your total figure, and that’s before you even do any sums! The Hindu-Arabic numeral system is also known as the decimal system, and is made up of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. This clever way
of writing numbers didn’t catch on in Europe until about 500 years later!
Not long after the invention of the decimal system, another impressive mathematical development came when an Indian astronomer named Brahmagupta defined zero as the result of subtracting a number from itself, and proposed rules for calculating negative numbers. (You could say, he invented nothing!)
Mind, Body and Spirit
The ancient Indian approach to healthcare, known as Ayurvedic medicine, is to care for the body and soul together, based on the belief that the two are very closely connected. It was practised in India from 5,000 BCE, hundreds of years before Hippocrates, the ancient Greek ‘father of medicine’ was born!
There is also evidence of advanced surgery in ancient India, with records from as far back as around 600 BCE instructing surgeons on how to reconstruct a person’s nose if it had been cut off – the procedure is still known as the ‘Indian Flap’ today.
This surgery was important because cutting off a person’s nose was a common punishment in ancient India. The idea was that everyone who saw a person with no nose would instantly know they were untrustworthy. Having a nose rebuilt by surgeons could once again allow a person (rightly or wrongly accused of crime) to live a more normal life.
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CHECKMATE!
Chess as we know it today was invented in India around the 600s CE. It is thought to have evolved from an older Indian game called Chaturanga, which may have had four players instead of just two – and used elephants instead of bishops!