Page 17 - CASA Bulletin of Anesthesiology 2022; 9(5)
P. 17

Vol. 9, No 5, 2022


               medication and we did not collect data on their psychiatric reaction to the KE6-2-2 mixture.
               However, from observation, most of the elderly patients’ experience was positive (feelings of
               peace, healing, spirituality, joyful) or neutral (adventures, “psychedelic”). A small group of
               young patients’ experience was negative (“bad dreams”) which was improved with midazolam
               administration intraoperatively.  Midazolam pre-treatment seems helpful in preventing such
               effects.

                   In conclusion, our single syringe multimodal KE6-2-2 mixture provides quality opioid-free
               sedation in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery, which is applicable to other diagnostic and
               surgical procedures.  Its analgesic effect was similar to that of the opioid-based A6-2-2 mixture,
               but its onset was much quicker, with superior airway and hemodynamic safety profiles.



               References

               1. Bayman EO, Dexter F, Laur JJ, Wachtel RE. National Incidence of Use of Monitored Anesthesia Care. Anesth
               Analg. 2011; 113(1):165-169. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31821c3e8e
               2. Bhananker SM, Posner KL, Cheney FW, Caplan RA, Lee LA, Domino KB. Injury and Liability Associated with
               Monitored Anesthesia Care. Anesthesiology. 2006; 104(2):228-234. Doi: 10.1097/00000542-200602000-00005
               3. cdc. Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2022.
               4. Beloeil H, Garot M, Lebuffe G, et al. Balanced Opioid-free Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine versus Balanced
               Anesthesia with Remifentanil for Major or Intermediate Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2021; 134(4):541-
               551. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000003725
               5. Frey K, Sukhani R, Pawlowski J, Pappas AL, Mikat-Stevens M, Slogoff S. Propofol Versus Propofol-Ketamine
               Sedation for Retrobulbar Nerve Block: Comparison of Sedation Quality, Intraocular Pressure Changes, and
               Recovery Profiles. Anesth Analg. 1999; 89(2):317-321. Doi: 10.1097/00000539-199908000-00013
               6. Badrinath S, Avramov MN, Shadrick M, Witt TR, Ivankovich AD. The Use of a Ketamine-Propofol Combination
               during Monitored Anesthesia Care: Anesth Analg. 2000; 9(4):858-862. Doi: 10.1097/00000539-200004000-00016
               7. Fang ZT, Keyes MA. A novel mixture of propofol, alfentanil, and lidocaine for regional block with monitored
               anesthesia care in ophthalmic surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2006; 18(2):114-117. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2005.08.007
               8. Fang ZT. Safety and Efficacy Of Rapid, Patient-Tailored Sedation Method With Dense Analgesia, Patent Airway,
               And Stable Hemodynamics.  2021 ASA Abstract A4002
               9. Fang, Z. Novel Non-Opioid Anesthetic Mixture More Effective Than Opioid-Based 6-2-2 For Ocular Block And
               Ophthalmic Surgery.  2021 ASA Abstract A1004
               10. Lee LA, Posner KL, Domino KB, Caplan RA, Cheney FW. Injuries Associated with Regional Anesthesia in the
               1980s and 1990s. Anesthesiology. 2004; 101(1):143-152. Doi: 10.1097/00000542-200407000-00023
               11. Gild et al. Eye Injuries Associated with Anesthesia a closed Claims Analsis. Anesthesiology. 1992; 76:204-208.
               12. Shafer SL, Hendrickx JFA, Flood P, Sonner J, Eger EI. Additivity versus Synergy: A Theoretical Analysis of
               Implications for Anesthetic Mechanisms. Anesth Analg. 2008; 107(2):507-524. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31817b7140
               13. Brown EN, Pavone KJ, Naranjo M. Multimodal General Anesthesia: Theory and Practice. Anesth Analg. 2018;
               127(5):1246-1258. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000003668
               14. White PF, Kehlet H, Neal JM, Schricker T, Carr DB, Carli F. The Role of the Anesthesiologist in Fast-Track
               Surgery: From Multimodal Analgesia to Perioperative Medical Care. Anesth Analg. 2007; 104(6):1380-1396.
               doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000263034.96885.e1













                                                                                            P a g e  16 | 66
   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22