Page 178 - كتاب تمريض نسا الاكتروني

176

• Test urine for protein and sugar after trimming of hair, and before enema.
3-Local examination:
 Examination of the abdomen:

 Inspect the contour of the abdomen.
 Palpate the abdomen gently, and with warm hands, for the height of the
fundus, lie, presentation, position, attitude and station, and record them.

 Observe and record the frequency, duration, and intensity of contractions.
 Auscultate and record the fetal heart sound for one minute using Pinard's
stethoscope, or Sonicaid. A cardiograph machine gives information about fetal
and maternal conditions. The normal range of the fetal heart rate is 120- 160

beats/minute.
 Examinationof the vulva:

 Inspect for gaping of introitus.
 Observe color and odor of liquor amnio, and presence of meconium or
blood. Offensive odor indicates infection.
 Check for edema of the vulva. If present, it indicates pre-eclampsia.

 Examination of the vagina:
Is made by doctor to:
 Make a positive diagnosis of labor.

 Assess the progress of labor.
 Determine the extent of effacement and the degree of dilatation of the
cervix.

 Assess the condition of the membranes.
 Determine position, presentation and degree of descent of head in pelvis
in relation to ischial spine (station).

 Observe the presence of umbilical cord beside the head.
 Check molding, presence of caput succedaneum, and abnormalities.
 Evaluate pelvic capacity and condition of the vagina.
 Examination of the rectum:

A rectal examination is safer than a vaginal examination. It reduces the risk of
infection and gives the same data as a vaginal examination.

 The Partograph:
The partograph is a single page graphic chart designed to record all the important

Table of Content