Page 346 - كتاب تمريض نسا الاكتروني

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1. Trained health care provider is needed for insertion and removal of IUCD.

2. Offer no protection against (STD) such as (HIV).

3. High initial cost especially for hormonal type

4. Spontaneous expulsion in about 2% - 15% of client.

Side Effects and Complications

1- Bleeding: In the form of:-

• Heavy or prolonged period (menorrhagia).

• Inter-menstrual bleeding.

• Pre or post menstrual spotting.

• Post insertion bleeding that may require removal of IUCD.

2- Expulsion:

• Occur in 2- 15 % of users, more in the first 2 months especially in multiparous.

3- Pain: Pain associated with IUCD: -

• Spasmodic dysmenorrhea.

• Lower abdominal heaviness.

4- Pelvic Infection:-

• Either acute or chronic PID.

5- Pregnancy: -

1-Intrauterine Pregnancy: -

• Pregnancy may go successfully to term.

• Presence of IUCD: No increase in congenital anomalies.

• ↑ Incidence of spontaneous and septic abortion, preterm labor and premature
rupture of membrane.

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