Page 24 - 2023 Elctronic Book (3) Normal Labor_Neat

• It is the relation between the long axis of the fetus and that of the mother. If they
are parallel, the lie is longitudinal but if they cross each other, the lie is oblique

or transverse.

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Presentation:
• It is the first part of the fetus, which meets the pelvic brim, and it is the first part
felt by vaginal examination.

• The presentation may be cephalic (96%), breech (3.5%) or shoulder (0.5%).

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Denominator:
• It is a bony landmark on the presenting part by which the position of the fetus is

known.
• In vertex presentation--------, the occiput is the denominator.
In face presentation → Mentum is the denominator.

In breech presentation→ Sacrum is the denominator
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