Page 79 - Basic Statistics

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data: x: direct in TPS , and y: cooperative in TPS
t = -8.483, df = 41.264, p-value = 0
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is less than 0
95 percent confidence interval:
NA -10.19695
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
64 76.72

Comments:

The results show three computerized test results, the test of homogeneity

of variance (two-tailed F-test), the mean equality (two-tailed t-test), and the

mean difference (one-tailed t-test).
1. The test of homogeneity of variance:

Used two-tailed F-test with significance level  = 0.05 So  /2 = 0.025.

Print out shows that Pr = ( P( F< f-lower) + P( F > f-upper) ) = 0.0407 is smaller

than . So the hypothesis H0 is rejected at 5 percent of significance level. It was
concluded that the variance between the two populations are not equal.

2. Test results of the mean equality:

Pr = [P ( t  -t actual) + P ( t  t actual) < , ie 0.00 < 0.05, then H0 is

rejected at the 5 percent significance level . It was concluded that there is a

significant difference in the mean test scores by the two models.

3. Test results of mean difference:

Pr ( t  t actual ) < , ie 0.00 < 0.05, then H0 is rejected at the 5 percent

significance level. It was concluded that the mean test scores of the direct

learning lower than the mean test scores of the cooperative learning.

~~* CHAPTER 4 TESTING HYPOTHESIS *~~