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CO NVENTIONS, FO RMAT OF T HE E NT RI ES, A BBREV IATIONS AN D SY MBO LS xxiii
its own independent entry in the book, the final list of related entries is more
focused and indicates other entries closely associated with the main subject
of that particular entry-for instance, the author of a text, or the tradition
with which a technical term is predominantly associated.
Bibliographies. With few exceptions, all entries include a selected bibliography.
Priority has been given to books and articles in Western languages (especially
English and French), but the bibliographies also include important studies
in Chinese and Japanese. References to the author and year are keyed to the
bibliography of secondary literature found on pp. 1362- 1464. Reproductions
of manuscripts, critical editions, translations, indexes, and concordances are
identified as such in parentheses. Studies cited within the main body of an entry,
on the other hand, concern specific topics and are not necessarily duplicated
in the final list of bibliographic references.
While several standard works in Western languages, Chinese, and Japanese
are routinely cited in most relevant entries, other general reference works on
Taoism do not appear in the bibliographies. These works, which readers are
invited to consult whenever possible, include in particular Daozang tiyao J1!
1~t)t~ (A Conspectus of the Taoist Canon; RenJiyu and Zhong Zhaopeng
1991), Daoism Handbook (Kohn 2000b), the recently published Taoist Canon:
A Historical Companion to the Daozang (Schipper and Verellen 2004), as well
as Chinese and Japanese dictionaries and encyclopedias, among which one
might mention Zhonghua daojiao da cidian .:p it J1! t5r 7: YF:!1l! (Great Dictionary
of Chinese Taoism; Hu Fuchen 1995), Daojiao da cidian J1!t5r7:YF:!1l! (Great
Dictionary of Taoism; Zhongguo daojiao xiehui and Suzhou daojjiao xiehui
1994), Dokyo no dai jiten ~ ~ 0) 7: $:!it!: (Great Encyclopedia of Taoism; Sakade
Yoshinobu 1994a), and Dokyo jiten ~~$:!it!: (Encyclopedia of Taoism; oguchi
Tetsur6 et al. 1994).
Abbreviations and symbols
BCE Before Common Era
CE Common Era
comm. commentary
crit. ed. critical edition
CT Concordance du Tao-tsang: Titres des ouvrages (Schipper 1975b)
DMB Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644 (Goodrich and Fang 1976)
ECCP Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (Hummell 1943- 44)
IC The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature (Nienhauser
1986)
j. juan ;g: (chapter or other subdivision of a text)
ms., mss. manuscript, manuscripts