Page 408 - The Encyclopedia of Taoism v1_A-L

DONGTIAN AND FUDI

Table 4
GROTTO - HEAVEN MOUNTAIN PROVINC E
I Xiaoyou qingxu /J\;ffm J;hl *Wangwu shan :E~ LlJ Henan
2 Dayou kongming };: 1'12 f!)l Weiyu shan ~ 3pj LlJ Zhejiang
3 Taixuan zongzhen );: ~~p; Xicheng shan flY:I)£ LlJ Shaanxi
4 Sanyuanjizhen ':::: j[;~A Xixuan shan P.§K LlJ Shaanxi
5 Baoxian jiushi Ji'{tlJfL ~ *Qingcheng shan 11f:l)£ LlJ Sichuan
6 Shangqing yuping LW 1'. 'f- Chicheng shan (*Tiantai shan) Zhejiang
# #£ LlJ (J( l,.:f LU)
7 Zhuminghuizhen *U}j)l!jltJ; *Luofu shan f,i 17- LlJ Guangdong
8 Jintan huayang ~ Jtl ~ 11& Gouqu shan (*Maoshan) Jiangsu
pJ iHl LlJ (~LlJ)
9 Youshen youxu ::it:fIjl/IJIAJ;li1. Linwu shan (Baoshan) Jiangsu
,f,t,~LlJ (§LlJ)
10 Chengde yinxuan nX:~~!\K Guacang shan fi5~ LlJ Zhejiang
The ten major Grotto-Heavens (da dongtian };:jfoJJ(). Source: TiandigongfU tu x11!l;2';}(f~
(Chart of the Palaces and Bureaus of the [Grotto-]Heavens and the [Blissful] Lands), in YJQQ
27. For a table based on *Du Guangting's Dongtianfiuli yuedu mingshanji jfoJJ(:jI:ItI!,W:lJI'?; LlJ JlC,
(Records of Grono-Heavens, Blissful Lands, Peaks, Rivers, and Famous Mountains; CT 599),
see Verellen 1995, 289.

where neither soldiers nor floods can reach, and which cannot be attacked by
calamity or disease.
The same chapter of the Zhengao also contains a detailed description of
the Grotto-Heavens. For instance, Tao Hongjing describes the Grotto-Heaven
extending below Mount Mao (Maoshan) as follows: "Grotto-Heavens exist in
thirty-six places within the ground of the macrocosm. The eighth is the cavern
of Mount Gouqu (Gouqu shan 1:i] J11J L1J, i.e., Mount Mao), 150 li in circumfer-
ence, which is called theJintan Huayang ~:l!1l~ ~ heaven." Since the Zhengao
is pardy based on a work compiled in the second half of the fourth century, it
is likely that the theory of the Grotto-Heavens was advanced around that time
by *Shangqing followers. This date is confirmed by other sources, including
Xie Lingyun's IDJ;.t~:im (385-433; lC 428-30) Luofu shanfu r.iW L1J AA (Rhapsody
on the Luofu Mountains) which contains the following verse:

In all there are thirty-six caverns:
This one at the Luofu Mountains is the seventh.
Light shines even in the dark night,
The Sun illuminates the depths of the world.
Therefore it is called the Yang palace of Vermilion Brightness,
The Yin abode of Shining Truth.

Tao Yuanrning IlUU iffil SJj (Tao Qian 1lUU"ifJ, 365-427; lC 766-69), a contemporary
of Xie Lingyun, was certainly influenced by the idea of the Grotto-Heavens