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KEY 3.8 Learn how to recognize specific learning disabilities.
DISABILITY OF CONDITION WHAT ARE THE SIGNS?
Dyslexia and related reading disorders Problems with reading (spelling, word sequencing, comprehension, reading out loud) and
with translating written language into thought or thought into written language
Dyscalculia (developmental arithmetic Difficulty recognizing numbers and symbols, memorizing facts, understanding abstract math
discorders) concepts, applying math to life skills (time management, handling money), and performing
mental math calculations
Developmental writing disorders Difficulty composing sentences, organizing a writing assignment, or translating thoughts
coherently to the page
Handwriting disorders (dysgraphia) Distorted or incorrect language, inappropriately sized and spaced letters, wrong or misspelled
words, difficulty putting thoughts on paper or grasping grammar, large gap between spoken
language skills and written skills
Speech and language disorders Problems with producing speech sounds, using spoken language to communicate, or
understanding what others say
LD-related social issues Problems recognizing facial or vocal cues from others, understanding how others are feeling,
controlling verbal and physical impulsivity, and respecting others’ personal space
LD-related organizational issues Difficulty scheduling and organizing personal, academic, and work-related materials
Source: Information from the Language and Math section of the National Center for Learning Disabilities website. Accessed on December 24, 2011, from http://
www.ncld.org/ld-basics/ld-explained
■ Seek assistance from your school. Speak with your advisor about getting a refer-
ral to the counselor who can arrange specific assistance for your classes. Accom-
modations mandated by law for students who are learning disabled include:
● Extended time on tests
● Note-taking assistance (for example, having another student take notes
for you)
● Assistive technology devices (smartphone recording apps, laptop computers)
● Modified assignments
● Alternative assessments and test formats
Other services that may be offered include tutoring, study skills assistance, and
counseling.
■ Determine when and how to disclose your status. When or if you tell people about
your disability is up to you. You may disclose it prior to enrollment (if you need
help with applying), at the time of enrollment or during a course (if you know or
realize you will need accommodations for your coursework), after a diagnosis (if
you are diagnosed during your course of study), or never (if you believe you can
manage on your own). 11
■ Be a dedicated student. Be on time and attend class. Read assignments before class.
Sit where you can focus. Review notes soon after class. Spend extra time on assign-
ments. Ask for help.
3 ■ Understand your learning preferences. If you have a learning disability, some
CHAPTER 72
of your multiple intelligences may always remain underdeveloped, but you can