Page 21 - Opportunities in the Treatment of Water and Other Wast Streams

• Requires energy for heat and a source of cold water.
• Volatile compounds are not removed and may be preferentially transferred across the membrane.
• Relatively new technology
Hybrid and Thermal Technologies
As an alternative to membrane technologies, a variety of thermal and hybrid technologies can remove dissolved contaminants. Thermal processes generally require higher amounts of energy to change the phase of water from liquid to gas. Technologies highlighted in this section range from simple natural processes to mechanically enhanced processes. Additional technologies not listed include:
·Multi-effect distillation ·Multi-stage flash
·Vapor compression ·Vertical tube evaporation ·Carrier gas (pervaporation)
·Capacitive deionization Evaporation
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