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Answer Key
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6C : p51
& Wishes 12A p94

• We often use I wish ... to talk about imaginary situations in the present or
HOW LUCKY ARE YOU?
the future.
16-18 points
• We often use sentences with I wish ... to talk about the opposite of what is true or
You're very positive about life and
real: I wish we had a car. (The woman hasn't got a car, but she would like to have
probably think that you're already
one.)
a very lucky person. When things
• To make wishes about states we use wish+ Past Simple: go badly, you don't worry too much
I wish we had a car. I wish I was on a beach somewhere. because you know something good
is going to happen soon. Why don't
• To make wishes about activities happening now we use wish+ Past Continuous:
you do the lottery next weekend -
I wish you were coming to the theatre with me. you might win!
• To make wishes about abilities or possibilities we use wish+ could+ infinitive: 13-15 points
I wish I could come with you. You're quite a lucky person and
tend to look on the bright side of
• To make wishes about obligations we use wish+ didn't have to+ infinitive:
life. You know lots of people and
I wish we didn't have to go to this party.
have a very busy social life. Try to
TIPS • We can say I wish I/he/she/it was ... or I wish I/he/she/it were ... : do something new every month and
I wish I was taller. = I wish I were taller. make sure you have some time to
yourself as well.
• We often use the second conditional to give reasons for wishes: I wish we had a car.
9-12 points
If we had one, I wouldn't spend half my life waiting for buses.
You think you're lucky in some
• Notice the difference between I wish .. . and I hope ... : parts of your life, but not in others,
A I wish you were coming to the party. and maybe you worry about the
(I know that you aren't coming = imaginary situation) past and the future too much. Try to
enjoy the present a little more and
B I hope you're coming to the party.
listen to your heart when you make
(I think that you might come = real possibility)
decisions, not just your head.
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• We can also make sentences with wish with you/he/she/we/they: He wishes he lived 6-8 points
somewhere hotter. We wish we could afford a holiday.
You're not very lucky at the moment
and probably expect things to get
lflJ Third conditional 128 p97 worse, not better. Why not try to
meet some new people and take a
• We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past.
few more chances in life? What's the
• We often use third conditionals to talk about the opposite of what really happened: worst that could happen?
If I'd stayed at home, I wouldn't have met my husband. (She didn't stay at home and
so she went to a party and met her husband.)
If I hadn't lost my job, I wouldn't have started my own business. (He lost his job so he 108 . b p81
decided to start his own business.)

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE baseball cap: Nick Bradley
wedding photos: Peggy
if clause main clause
glasses case: Brenda Bradley
(if + Past Perfect) ('d, would or wouldn't+ have+ past participle)
speech: Tom
If I'd stayed at home, I wouldn't have met my husband. earrings: Jane Lewis
If I hadn't started doing this, I'd have got into a lot more trouble. wedding ring: Sheila Jones

TIPS • As with other conditionals, in the third conditional the if clause can be first or football key ring: Leo
driving test book: Karen
second in the sentence. We use a comma ( , ) when the if clause is first:
London book: Brenda Bradley
If I hadn't won that race, I'd never have become a serious athlete.
wallet: Derek Bradley
I'd never have become a serious athlete if I hadn't won that race.
watch: Trevor Jones
• We can use could have in the main clause of the third conditional to talk about ability:
If I'd been there, I could have helped you.
• We can also use might have in the main clause of the third conditional to mean
'would have perhaps': If you hadn't got lost, we might have got there on time.
• We don't usually use would in the if clause: If I'd known, I'd have told you. not
if I would have known, I'd hm'O told you.
• In spoken English we can say I'd have / a1dav/ or I would've /a1 'wudav/ in the main
clause: "I would've got into a lot more trouble if I hadn't started doing this."
•