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the Red Sea; seven eggs were found by DB on C. acutum. Ma’ayan Tzvi fishing park were summer 2020’s dorippus 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 2 - A | 21-12-22 | 12:22:47 | SR:-- | Cyan
All were bred successfully to five females and two males population flourished. I WUDQVLHQV (Suffet 1900) as 2
that emerged between 21-22.4.2016. One female (14.3%) an ab. of Danaus dorippus with additional three white
was the first recorded Egyptian orientis. The other typical spots at the tip of the FW underside, was described from
Red Sea Egyptian females were crossed with males from “Deutsch-Ostafrica bis Arabien”. Smith (2014: 169, Tab.
Binyamina-Burj C Israel; their 20 males and 22 females 3.6) treats it as “heterozygous phenotype” and marked
offspring hatched in May-June (last one 16.6.2016) two its distribution in the Hybrid zone (Fig. 2.34) at Kenya,
specimens – 4.7% (a male and a female) were orientis. 12 Tanzania, Ethiopia, S Eritrea, Djibouti, Yemen and Dhofar.
larvae that were found by DB in the end of March 2016 on While breeding Israeli dorippus in summer 2020 DB got
Calotropis procera in Faza’el N Jerico Lower Jordan Valley also transiens and semi-transiens among its offspring,
(possibly laid by migrants from the south) were bred to F1 blurring the limits of these two ab.-form/semispecies
that continued to F2 and by 21 May 2016 emerged about (illustr. 3). A female D. c. f. transiens collected in the late
160 F2 offspring, four of them (2.5%) were orientis. On 1980’s at the Hula Lake by Movshovitz brings up to three
9 August 2016 in C. acutum field near Alexander River, all the records of dorippus / transiens in the 20’s century
HaSharon park C Israel two orientis were found among in the Levant (Benyamini 2015e: 86, 87 & Fig. 2 – j, k).
22 adults (9.1%). The 20 normal ones were taken for * I NOXJLL (Butler 1886) described as Limnas klugii n.
breeding. Their offspring started to hatch on 31 August sp. from Somalia “South of Berbera” is a brown dorippus;
2016 and until 4 Sept. 39 adults emerged, seven of which being a natural hybrid of f. dorippus and f. chrysippus. Its
(17.9%) were orientis the highest proportion ever recorded status and distribution in the hybrid zone as described by
in the Levant. Smith (2014: 169, Tab. 3.6 and Fig. 2.34) are identical to
* f. dorippus (Klug 1845) that dominates north E Africa / f. transiens – see above. It appeared in C Levant together
the horn of Africa extends eastwards across S Red Sea Bab with f. dorippus in August – September 2020 when a
al-Mandab straight to S Arabian Yemen, Dhofar (13.6 % of wild worn dorippus-klugii female was taken by DB on 15
the population) becoming rare in N Oman & Musandam august 2020 for breeding and specimens of f. klugii that
(3.7%) and W UAE (Al Ain) (Feulner et al., 2021, Hitchings, appeared among its offspring proved that it mated with
2021 & Verovnik pers. comm.) – see fig. 1. It has never chrysippus (illustr.7).
been reported from Western Arabia (Pittaway, 1985 &
pers. comm.). Hayward (1922, 1923) did not record it
during his stay between 1919 and 1922 in Aswan, Upper
Egypt. Only one specimen ever recorded in S Egypt in
March-April 1928 by the Egyptian coleopterist Anastase
Alfieri in Gebel Elba, SE Egypt and has not been recorded
there again by Hassan & Fadl (2000) nor in a later
publication by Gilbert & Zalat (2007) or Larsen (1990).
It is extremely rare in the Levant with one record in the
19th century from Beirut by Lederer (1858); accepted as
questionable by Ellison & Wiltshire, (1938) and Larsen Fig 1 – West – east decline in adundance of f. dorippus among 513 total chrysippus records by:
Bertram Thomas (1930), Harrison Institute (1975-1977 Oman-Dhofar Flora & Fauna Surveys), Larsen
(1974) as possible but very rare while Zorkot (2016) (1975-1980) and Hitchings (1993-1997). (Hitchings, 2022 in prep.)
totally ignored it. During the whole 20th century it was
recorded only three times in Israel: The author collected
the first single male on the banks of Kishon River, Haifa chrysippus aegyptius orientis pallidus griseus alcippus alcippoides albinus semi-albinus dorippus transiens klugii no. of forms (total no. = 12) 100%
on 11 Oct. 1969 (illustr. 3), Movshovitz photographed Country
a male at Yesud HaMa’ala, S Hula Lake, upper Jordan Kenya 10 1 83 8
Djibouti
Valley on 30 Oct. 1986 and collected a male there in the Ethiopia 5 4 2
Egypt * 1 *2 *3 4 3 3
late 1980’s, now in coll. Steinhardt N.H. Museum, Tel Sinai *4 3 2 5
Aviv. Thirty three years elapsed until the next Levantine Israel JS/RST 1969 6 6 5 5 0 0
Israel JS/RST 2020
record; a single male collected by Danny Sharon on 31 Israel 10 83
May 2019 at Giv’at Ada, Binyamina, C Israel (illustr. X). It Jordan *5 *6 *7 4 2 3 1 3 7
Cyprus
possibly remained criptic somewhere in C Levant until 14 Lebanon *8 *8 3 2 5 © Ofir Tomer
August 2020 when several specimens were found in the Table 2 - H[LVWLQJ ´IRUPVµ LQ ORFDO SRSXODWLRQV
fishing park of Ma’ayan Zvi, S.L., about 500 m from the *1 - ab. candidata Hayward, 1923 from Aswan is not included
*2 - Aswan, Hayward, 1923
Mediterranean coast at 32°34’59’’N : 34°55’06’’E. This *3 - Gebel Elba S. Egypt (Wiltshire, 1948)
*4 - one record - Wadi Tlach 1400m S Sinai 28.5.1974 (Benyamini, 1984)
local dorippus/transiens/klugii population that did not *5 - one record - Wadi Rum XXX
expand beyond Ma’agan Michael – Ma’ayan Zvi artificial *6 - Wadi Dana 455m, Edom, Jordan 17/04/1998 (Banyamini, 2002a)
*7- Ellison & Wiltshire, 1939
large fish pools, existed for two months until 24 Oct. 2020 *8 - Lederer, 1858
(last photograph in the wild). It did not survive the cooling
autumn temperatures and its genes disappeared from E form chrysippus aegyptius orientis pallidus griseus alcippus alcippoides albinus semi-albinus dorippus transiens klugii n
Mediterranean chrysippus gene-pool because not a single country 12 1 2 3 3 12 15 6 13
Kenya 67
specimen survive the the 2020/2021 winter and 2021 18% 1% 3% 4% 4% 18% 22% 9% 19%
Djibouti 6 6
season started with the chrysippus normal* dorippus- 4 2 100% 7
4
1
Ethiopia 27
free population. (*-with white and dark autumn forms). 15% 7% 52% 26%
Israel 1969 *1 8 1 3 5 3 1 21
However to our surprise and just before Vol III went to print 38% 5% 14% 24% 14%
Israel-f1 2020 *2 4 1 1 3 3 1 13
a fresh f. dorippus female appeared on 25 Nov. 2021, after 31% 8% 8% 23% 23% 8%
87
5
3
221
2
2
the first heavy rains of winter 2021/22 near Dan Sharon’s Israel-f2 2020 *3 69% 1% 1% 27% 1% 2% 320
butterfly nursary (Mashtelat Haparparim) near Merkaz Table 1 - QXPEHU RI EUHG VSHFLPHQV DQG LQ '%·V ODE
1 - Israel JS/RST Oct-Nov/1969 in Coll. DB, not all typical collected.
Meirav on hwy 4, 7 km N Fureidis and 8.5 km NNE of 2 - Israel JS/RSTAug-Sep/2020 offspring from one wildly collected female.
3 - Israel JS/RST Sep-Oct/2020 cross of above offspring with local typical D. chrysippus.
32 17