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 Melitaea collina Lederer, 1861                          Lederer’s Fritillary                                                  21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 12 - A | 22-01-02 | 12:34:18 | SR:-- | Cyan

                                                       3 3 3 3           L1                  L3/L4
                                                                                                 4
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 A local species, regarded by early researchers as a
 subspecies of M. phoebe because of their similarity. It                          © Dubi Benyamini
 differs by being smaller in size and in the consistency
 of the marginal lines on the forewing upper side – in                   L2
 M.  phoebe and  M.  telona  the inner marginal line is
 interrupted at v4, giving distinct arcuate marks in s2 and
 s3, whereas in M. collina, the line is less irregular.       © Dubi Benyamini    © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini
                                                       L5
                                                       L5                                    L5
                                  DGXOW
                                6789
                                6789
                                           1
                                           1
                           45
                  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11 12
                  1   2   3
                           45
                  123
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                               HJJ  123   4   5    6   7   8   9  10  1 1 12
 %LRORJ\                         DGXOW                lar v a
                   pupa
                       HJJ  1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10  11  12
               lar v a
 )OLJKW SHULRG  mid March at 300 m in NW Israel to late June            pupa
 at 2000 m in Mt Hermon, S Anti-Lebanon range; Appears
 on the Lebanese coast in April and fly in middle heights
 of the Cedar Mt until early June (Ellison & Wiltshire,                           © Dubi Benyamini  © Dubi Benyamini
 1939; Larsen, 1974: 124); Common in Hatay, S Turkey   12
 from April at 250 m to June at 1700 m, but appearing
 around Antakya city (100-400 m) on March (Atahan  et
 al., 2018: 66 and pers. comm. to DB); 1545-1678 m
 N
 l
 l
 h
 N Israel, Nahal Dishon,
 D
 h
 i
 in Al-Lazzab reserve Syrian Anti-Lebanon (Zarikian &   NI 710 m.  17.4.1973  N Israel, Nahal Dishon,
  710 m.  5.5.1973
 Ghrejyan, 2018); April, 850-1600 m Anti-Lebanon & SW
 Syria (ten-Hagen, 1995; ten-Hagen & Eckweiler, 2000);
 April, Aleppo N Syria 500 m (ten-Hagen, 1995); April -
 early May, 800-1400 m Anti-Lebanon to Hama, Syria
 (ten-Hagen, 1996).
 /LIH  KLVWRU\  univoltine. On 3 May 2003 in a ridge
 between Mt Sasa and Mt Godrim (730 m), upper Galilee
 N Israel a female was observed carrying the male in cop.   Mt. Hermon 1450m,   N Israel, Metula,
 (Benyamini, 2003j). On 24 April 1993 two batches, each   18.5.2000  HaTanur, 360 m, 24.4.1976  © Dubi Benyamini  © Benny Shalmon
 of 49 yellow eggs were found on the upper and lower                    Biology of J. o. here
 sides of  Serratula cerinthifolia's leaves (Asteraceae)   3 3         L5                L5
                                                                       L5
 growing within this new LHP concentration, at the bottom
 of Shnunim Valley, 1230 m, Har Agas (Jebel Rus), N   Jordan, Al Mazra’a
 Golan / W slopes of Mt Hermon (DB unpublished record).     -350 m. 25.4.1989
 On 11 April 2004, in Alonei Habashan 900 m, E Golan   J. o. here Lang, 1884
 Heights 44 eggs were laid under a leaf of the same LHP
 (Avni, 2004b). Larvae and pupa were not reported, but
 the young larvae are certainly gregarious, as are most of   Mt Hermon, 1500 m, 7.5.1973  N Israel, Eylon, 300 m, 11.4.1975
 the species’ congeners and the pupae are pendulous.
                                                             © Andre Coetzer   © Andre Coetzer     © Andre Coetzer
 5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV  Asteraceae - Serratula cerinthifolia
 - illustr., S. pusilla.
 &RQVHUYDWLRQ   on 13 June 2008 during a butterfly
 SPNI survey of the eastern slopes of Naftali Mt range,
 biotopes of  collina were found sprayed by herbicides
 against pine seedlings. Not a single Nymphalid survived
 to the following spring. (Benyamini & Tomer, 2009c).
 Livestock overgrazing is the main threat in N Israel and              © Andre Coetzer             © Andre Coetzer
 the Golan. Rated VU (Vulnerable, D1) by Renan  et al.,
 (2022, in prep.).
 'LVWULEXWLRQ
               J. o. madagascariensis Guenée, 1865
 TL: Antiochia (Antakya, Hatay, Turkey). The distribution is
 typically Syrian from S Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, N Israel,
 Golan Heights, Mt Hermon (absent from Jordan, Cyprus
 and Sinai) and Iraq. Its southern distribution limit is near
 Karmiel City, CW Galilee, N Israel 300 m, (Lat. 32º54’
 N) and Alonei Habashan, Hazika Ridge, E Golan Heights
 900 m (Lat. 33º02’ N).                                                       © Andre Coetzer     © Dubi Benyamini
 © Ofir Tomer                              © Dubi Benyamini       Biology of J. o. madagascariensis
 192                                                                                                          177
 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd   192  12/30/2021   4:29:22 PM  2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd   177  © Dubi Benyamini  12/30/2021   4:28:31 PM
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