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eggs. An egg extracted from her abdomen was white, 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 7 - A | 22-01-02 | 10:39:03 | SR:-- | Cyan
barrel-shaped, similar to P. pelopea with 21 vertical
ribs but it did not hatch. Life history should be similar
to other Levant’s Hipparchia spp. Larvae and pupa are
possibly similar to those of Pseudochazara pelopea –
illustr. No courting or mating were observed either.
&RQFOXVLRQV mating may take place in spring or in the
autumn because males live together with the females
throuout the flight period, but are fewer in the autumn. 7
We assume that eggs are laid in the autumn as with © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini
other Levant’s Hipparchia spp. but this is not supported
by most of our experiments and observations. Solving
the mystery of telophase’s breeding is transferred to
future researchers.

0LJUDWLRQ P. telephassa is the sole large Levant’s
satyrid that is known for its migrations out of the Ļ
Mediterranean region to the eastern steppe and the
Arava; Avni, Z. (1991) reported on the arrival of “worn, © Dubi Benyamini © David Jutzeler
possibly migrants? between mid-August and mid-
September 1991 in Ma’ale Adumim, 400-500 m asl, ca H. aristaeus senthes
10 km E Jerusalem in the Irano-Turanian steppe semi-
desert vegetational belt and again in October 1992
(Avni, M., 1992b). On 16 May 2017 MSc student Nora
Haack that monitored the butterflies of Nahal Shita, © Moshe Laudon
S Arava, 70 Km N Eilat Israel (30°24’N) collected, Israel, Jerusalem, 15.6.2018
photographed and released a single migrating female
about 110 km S of its known distribution limit in Israel
(Pe’er, 2017); this is possibly the longest-range record
of a migrating satyrid in the east Mediterranean –
illustr. Guy Pe’er (pers. comm. to DB) prefers to call
it “Long Distance Dispersal (LDD). This can definitely
be the mechanism to establish (temporary or stable)
populations that might be otherwise isolated”. In
Lebanon Larsen (1974: 135) observed “migration
involving both sexes” on 20 May 1972. Osthelder &
Pfeifer (1932a: 22) recorded a huge three-days-long
southwards migration at Marash CS Turkey in early
June 1929. On 27 May 2005 at Ras An-Naqab 1400 m
(29°59’N) at its southern distributional limit in Edom
Mt, Jordan DB observed a single (migrating?) female
nectaring on Onopordum ambiguum (Asteraceae)
about 40 km S of its recorded known distribution © Dubi Benyamini
limit in Petra (Larsen & Nakamura, 1983; Benyamini, S Jordan, Edom, Ras An-Naqab, 1400 m
2005g) – illustr.
© Ali Atahan
&RPPHQVDOLVP ZLWK PLWHV: Only twice phoretic mites
were photographed with P. telephassa in Israel, In both H. aristaeus senthes
cases a single mite was lodging behind the compound
eyes (Benyamini, 2017e- illustr.).

5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Poaceae (Gramineae) spp.

'LVWULEXWLRQ

TL: Unknown. The species’ distribution ranges from
E Turkey to W, S & NE? Syria, Lebanon, Israel, W &
C Jordan, Iran and Afghanistan. Absent from Cyprus
and Sinai. The species reaches its southern limit of
distribution in the Edom Mt, S Jordan.

© Nora Haack
Israel, S Negev & Arava, Nahal Sita, 70 km N Eilat © Mehmet Atahan © Ali Atahan

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2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 112 12/30/2021 4:25:21 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 97 12/30/2021 4:24:44 PM