Page 3 - Book VII Unit 3

Reading and Thinking

Learn about sea exploration

1 Do you know any stories about sea voyages? Share your story with a partner.

2 Look at the title and skim the text. Decide what Identify essay types
type of essay it is.
There are four major types of
essay: narrative, descriptive,
expository, and argumentative.
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA A narrative essay is a story with
a beginning, middle, and end.
A descriptive essay describes
a subject and lists interesting
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of details. An expository essay
mankind’s greatest achievements. To complete the great is factual, giving information
on a subject. Finally, an
map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early argumentative essay aims to
civilisations. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to convince the reader.
search for sea routes from west to east. However, merchants
and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and
Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea was also
extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which

also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. Over the centuries, further trading
allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan’s
Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and
1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were
a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Under the command of

Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth
of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such
as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices. Although China
withdrew from further expeditions after
1433, these land and sea routes remained
active channels between other cultures for
centuries.

To reach out across the sea remains a
strong desire today. The ancient sea routes
travelled by Zheng He are being revisited
with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,
which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.

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